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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Primary Gas- and Particle-Phase Emissions and Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Gasoline and Diesel Off-Road Engines
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Primary Gas- and Particle-Phase Emissions and Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Gasoline and Diesel Off-Road Engines

机译：汽油和柴油非公路用发动机的主要气相和颗粒相排放以及二次有机气溶胶生产

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摘要

Dilution and smog chamber experiments were performed to characterize the primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from gasoline and diesel small off-road engines (SOREs). These engines are high emitters of primary gas- and particle-phase pollutants relative to their fuel consumption. Two- and 4-stroke gasoline SOREs emit much more (up to 3 orders of magnitude more) nonmethane organic gases (NMOGs), primary PM and organic carbon than newer on-road gasoline vehicles (per kg of fuel burned). The primary emissions from a diesel transportation refrigeration unit were similar to those of older, uncontrolled diesel engines used in on-road vehicles (e.g., premodel year 2007 heavy-duty diesel trucks). Two-strokes emitted the largest fractional (and absolute) amount of SOA precursors compared to diesel and 4-stroke gasoline SOREs; however, 35-80% of the NMOG emissions from the engines could not be speciated using traditional gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography. After 3 h of photo-oxidation in a smog chamber, dilute emissions from both 2- and 4-stroke gasoline SOREs produced large amounts of semivolatile SOA The effective SOA yield (denned as the ratio of SOA mass to estimated mass of reacted precursors) was 2-4% for 2- and 4-stroke SOREs, which is comparable to yields from dilute exhaust from older passenger cars and unburned gasoline. This suggests that much of the SOA production was due to unburned fuel and/or lubrication oil. The total PM contribution of different mobile source categories to the ambient PM burden was calculated by combining primary emission, SOA production and fuel consumption data. Relative to their fuel consumption, SOREs are disproportionately high total PM sources; however, the vastly greater fuel consumption of on-road vehicles renders them (on-road vehicles) the dominant mobile source of ambient PM in the Los Angeles area.
机译：进行了稀释和烟雾室实验，以表征汽油和柴油小型越野发动机（SORE）的一次排放和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的形成。相对于其燃料消耗，这些发动机是主要的气相和颗粒相污染物的高排放者。二冲程和四冲程汽油的SORE排放的非甲烷有机气体（NMOG），主要PM和有机碳要多于新型的公路汽油车辆（每千克燃烧的燃料）（最多多三个数量级）。柴油运输制冷装置的主要排放与道路车辆中使用的较旧的不受控制的柴油发动机的排放类似（例如，2007年前的重型柴油卡车）。与柴油和四冲程汽油的SORE相比，二冲程排放的SOA前体的分数（和绝对）量最大。但是，使用传统的气相色谱法或高效液相色谱法无法确定发动机NMOG排放量的35-80％。在烟雾室中进行3小时的光氧化后，二冲程和四冲程汽油SOREs的稀排放物产生了大量的半挥发性SOA。有效的SOA收率（以SOA质量与反应前体的估计质量之比表示） 2冲程和4冲程SORE的2-4％，与老式乘用车和未燃烧汽油的稀薄排气的产量相当。这表明大部分SOA产生是由于未燃烧的燃料和/或润滑油引起的。通过结合一次排放，SOA产量和燃料消耗数据，计算出了不同移动源类别对环境PM负担的总PM贡献。相对于其燃料消耗，SORE占总PM来源的比例过高。然而，公路车辆的油耗大大增加，使它们（公路车辆）成为洛杉矶地区环境PM的主要移动来源。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2013年第24期|14137-14146|共10页
  • 作者

    Timothy D. Gordon; Daniel S. Tkacik; Albert A. Presto; Mang Zhang; Shantanu H. Jathar; Ngoc T. Nguyen; John Massetti; Tin Truong; Pablo Cicero-Fernandez; Christine Maddox; Paul Rieger; Sulekha Chattopadhyay; Hector Maldonado; M. Matti Maricq; Allen L. Robinson;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States,Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80304 and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Mobile Source Operations, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States,Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

    Mobile Source Operations, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Mobile Source Operations, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Mobile Source Operations, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Monitoring and Laboratory, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Monitoring and Laboratory, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Planning and Technical Support, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California 91731, United States;

    Research Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California 95814, United States;

    Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48120, United States;

    Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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