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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Household Concentrations and Exposure of Children to Participate Matter from Biomass Fuels in The Gambia
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Household Concentrations and Exposure of Children to Participate Matter from Biomass Fuels in The Gambia

机译：冈比亚的家庭集中度和儿童接触生物质燃料的活动

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摘要

Paniculate matter (PM) is an important metric for study- ing the health effects of household air pollution. There are limited data on PM exposure for children in homes that use biomass fuels, and no previous study has used direct measurement of personal exposure in children younger than S years of age. We estimated PM_(2.5) exposure for 1266 children in The Gambia by applying the cookhouse PM_(2.5)-CO relationship to the child's CO exposure. Using this indirect method, mean PM_(2.5) exposure for all subjects was 135 ± 38 μg/m~3; 25% of children had exposures of 151 μg/m~3 or higher. Indirectly estimated exposure was highest among children who lived in homes that used firewood (collected or purchased) as their main fuel (144 μg/m~3) compared to those who used charcoal (85 μg/m~3). To validate the indirect method, we also directly measured PM_(2.5) exposure on 31 children. Mean exposure for this validation data set was 65 ± 41 μg/m~3 using actual measurement and 125 ± 54 μg/m~3 using the indirect method based on simultaneously-measured CO exposure. The correlation coefficient between direct measurements and indirect estimates was 0.01. Children in The Gambia have relatively high PM_(2.5) exposure. There is a need for simple methods that can directly measure PM_(2.5) exposure in field studies.
机译：颗粒物（PM）是研究家庭空气污染对健康的影响的重要指标。对于使用生物质燃料的家庭中的儿童，PM暴露的数据有限，并且以前的研究还没有直接测量S岁以下儿童的个人暴露。通过将炊具PM_（2.5）-CO关系应用于儿童的CO暴露，我们估算了冈比亚1266名儿童的PM_（2.5）暴露。使用这种间接方法，所有受试者的平均PM_（2.5）暴露为135±38μg/ m〜3； 25％的儿童暴露量为151μg/ m〜3或更高。与使用木炭（85μg/ m〜3）的儿童相比，间接估计的接触率最高的是居住在以柴火（收集或购买）为主要燃料的房屋中的儿童（144μg/ m〜3）。为了验证间接方法，我们还直接测量了31名儿童的PM_（2.5）暴露量。使用实际测量，此验证数据集的平均暴露为65±41μg/ m〜3，使用基于同时测量的CO暴露的间接方法，平均暴露为125±54μg/ m〜3。直接测量和间接估计之间的相关系数为0.01。冈比亚的儿童具有较高的PM_（2.5）暴露水平。在现场研究中，需要一种可以直接测量PM_（2.5）暴露量的简单方法。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第6期|p.3519-3527|共9页
  • 作者

    Kathie L. Dionisio; Stephen R. C. Howie; Francesca Dominici; Kimberly M. Fornace; John D. Spengler; Richard A. Adegbola; Majid Ezzati;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;

    Child Survival Theme, Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia;

    Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;

    Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, U.K.;

    Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;

    Child Survival Theme, Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia,GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Wavre, Belgium;

    MRC-HPA Center for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London,London, U.K.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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