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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >A Spatially and Temporally Explicit Life Cycle Inventory of Air Pollutants from Gasoline and Ethanol in the United States
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A Spatially and Temporally Explicit Life Cycle Inventory of Air Pollutants from Gasoline and Ethanol in the United States

机译：美国汽油和乙醇中空气污染物的时空显式生命周期清单

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摘要

The environmental health impacts of transportation depend in part on where and when emissions occur during fuel production and combustion. Here we describe spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventories (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from com stover. Previous modeling for the U.S. by Argonne National Laboratory (GREET: Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) suggested that life cycle emissions are generally higher for ethanol from corn grain or com stover than for gasoline. Our results show that for ethanol, emissions are concentrated in the Midwestern "Corn Belt". We find that life cycle emissions from ethanol exhibit different temporal patterns than from gasoline, reflecting seasonal aspects of farming activities. Enhanced chemical speciarion beyond current GREET model capabilities is also described. Life cycle fine particulate matter emissions are higher for ethanol from corn grain than for ethanol from com stover; for black carbon, the reverse holds. Overall, our results add to existing state-of-the-science transportation fuel LCI by providing spatial and temporal disaggregation and enhanced chemical speciation, thereby offering greater understanding of the impacts of transportation fuels on human health and opening the door to advanced air dispersion modeling of fuel life cycles.
机译：运输对环境健康的影响部分取决于燃料生产和燃烧过程中何时何地发生排放。在这里，我们描述了汽油中的空气污染物，玉米籽粒中的乙醇和玉米秸秆中的乙醇的时空明确的生命周期清单（LCI）。先前由Argonne国家实验室在美国进行的建模（GREET：温室气体，管制排放和运输中的能源使用）表明，玉米粒或玉米秸秆的乙醇的生命周期排放通常比汽油高。我们的结果表明，乙醇的排放量集中在中西部的“玉米带”。我们发现，乙醇的生命周期排放表现出与汽油不同的时间模式，反映了农业活动的季节性情况。还介绍了超越当前GREET模型功能的增强型化学物质。生命周期中，玉米谷物中的乙醇排放的细颗粒物高于玉米秸秆中的乙醇。对于黑碳，则相反。总体而言，我们的结果通过提供时空分解和增强的化学形态，增加了现有的最先进的运输燃料LCI，从而提供了对运输燃料对人体健康影响的更深入的了解，并为高级空气扩散建模打开了大门燃料生命周期。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第20期|p.11408-11417|共10页
  • 作者

    Christopher W. Tessum; Julian D. Marshall; Jason D. Hill;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States;

    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States;

    Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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