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Speciation and Isotope Dilution Analysis of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Wastewater

机译:Ga基造影剂的形态及同位素稀释分析

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摘要

The fate of Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during sewage treatment was investigated. The total concentration of Gd in influent and effluent 2 and 24 h composite samples was determined by means of isotope dilution analysis. The balancing of Gd input and output of a sewage plant over seven days indicated that approximately 10% of the Gd is removed during treatment. Batch experiments simulating the aeration tank of a sewage treatment plant confirmed the Gd complex removal during activated sludge treatment. For speciation analysis of the Gd complexes in wastewater samples, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Separation of the five predominantly used contrast agents was carried out on a new hydrephilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phase in less than IS min. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.13 μg/L and a limit of quantification of 0.43 μg/L could be achieved for the Gd chelates without having to apply enrichment techniques. Speciation analysis of the 24 h composite samples revealed that 8096 of the Gd complexes are present as Gd-BT- DO3A in the sampled treatment plant The day-of-week dependent variation of the complex load followed the variation of the total Gd load, indicating a similar behavior. The analysis of sewage sludge did not prove the presence of anthropogenic Gd. However, in the effluent of the chamber filter press, which was used for sludge dewatering, two of the contrast agents and three other unknown Gd species were observed. This indicates that species transformation took place during anaerobic sludge treatment.
机译:研究了在污水处理过程中用于磁共振成像(MRI)的基于contrast(Gd)的造影剂的命运。通过同位素稀释分析确定进水和出水2和24 h复合样品中Gd的总浓度。污水处理厂在七天内的Gd输入和输出平衡表明,在处理过程中大约有10%的Gd被去除。模拟污水处理厂曝气池的分批实验证实了活性污泥处理过程中Gd络合物的去除。为了对废水样品中的Gd配合物进行形态分析,将高效液相色谱(HPLC)连接到电感耦合等离子体扇区质谱(ICP-SFMS)。在新的亲水相互作用液相色谱固定相上,在不到IS min的时间内完成了五种主要使用的造影剂的分离。对于Gd螯合物,无需应用富集技术即可达到0.13μg/ L的检测限(LOD)和0.43μg/ L的定量限。 24小时复合样品的形态分析表明,在采样的处理厂中,有8096种Gd复合物以Gd-BT-DO3A的形式存在。类似的行为。污水污泥的分析没有证明人为Gd的存在。但是,在用于污泥脱水的室内压滤机的流出物中,观察到两种造影剂和三种其他未知的Gd物质。这表明在厌氧污泥处理过程中发生了物种转化。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第21期|11929-11936|共8页
  • 作者单位

    Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;

    Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;

    Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;

    Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;

    Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Miinster Electrochemical Energy Technology (MEET), Corrensstrasse 46, 48149 Miinster, Germany;

    Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany,European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Mendelstrasse 11, 48149 Miinster, Germany;

    Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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