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Greenhouse Gas and Criteria Emission Benefits through Reduction of Vessel Speed at Sea

机译：通过降低海上船只的速度来温室气体和标准排放的好处

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摘要

Reducing emissions from ocean-going vessels (OGVs) as they sail near populated areas is a widely recognized goal, and Vessel Speed Reduction (VSR) is one of several strategies that is being adopted by regulators and port authorities. The goal of this research was to measure the emission benefits associated with greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants by operating OGVs at reduced speed. Emissions were measured from one Panamax and one post-Panamax class container vessels as their vessel speed was reduced from cruise to 15 knots or below. VSR to 12 knots yielded carbon dioxide (CO_2) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions reductions (in kgautical mile (kgmi)) of approximately 61% and 56%, respectively, as compared to vessel cruise speed. The mass emission rate (kgmi) of PM_(2.5) was reduced by 69% with VSR to 12 knots alone and by ~97% when coupled with the use of the marine gas oil (MGO) with 0.00065% sulfur content Emissions data from vessels while operating at sea are scarce and measurements from this research demonstrated that tidal current is a significant parameter affecting emission factors (EFs) at lower engine loads. Emissions factors at <20% loads calculated by methodology adopted by regulatory agencies were found to underestimate PM_(2.5) and NO_x by 72% and 51%, respectively, when compared to EFs measured in this study. Total pollutant emitted (TPE) in the emission control area (ECA) was calculated, and emission benefits were estimated as the VSR zone increased from 24 to 200 nmi. TPE_(co2) and TPE_(PM2.5) estimated for large container vessels showed benefits for CO_2 (2-26%) and PM_(2.5) (4-57%) on reducing speeds from 15 to 12 knots, whereas TPE_(co2) and TPE_(PM2.5) for small and medium container vessels were similar at 15 and 12 knots.
机译：减少远洋船（OGV）在人口稠密地区附近航行时的排放是一个公认的目标，而降低船速（VSR）是监管机构和港口当局正在采用的几种策略之一。这项研究的目的是通过以降低的速度运行OGV来测量与温室气体和标准污染物相关的排放效益。测量了一艘巴拿马型和一艘巴拿马型之后的集装箱船的排放量，因为它们的船速从巡航速度降低到15节或以下。 VSR达到12节时，与船只巡航速度相比，分别减少了约61％和56％的二氧化碳（CO_2）和氮氧化物（NO_x）排放量（以千克/海里（kg / nmi）为单位）。单独使用VSR，PM_（2.5）的质量排放率（kg / nmi）降低了69％至12节，与硫含量为0.00065％的船用汽油（MGO）结合使用时，降低了约97％。在海上航行时从船只上排出的水是稀缺的，这项研究的测量结果表明，潮流是影响较低发动机负荷下排放因子（EFs）的重要参数。与本研究中测得的EF相比，通过监管机构采用的方法计算出的<20％负荷下的排放因子分别低估了PM_（2.5）和NO_x 72％和51％。计算了排放控制区（ECA）中的总污染物排放（TPE），并随着VSR区从24 nmi增加到200 nmi估算了排放效益。大型集装箱船的TPE_（co2）和TPE_（PM2.5）估计表明，将CO_2（2-26％）和PM_（2.5）（4-57％）的航速从15节降至12节有好处，而TPE_（co2 ）和中小型集装箱船的TPE_（PM2.5）在15节和12节时相似。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第22期|12600-12607|共8页
  • 作者

    M. Yusuf Khan; Harshit Agrawal; Sindhuja Ranganathan; William A. Welch; J. Wayne Miller; David R. Cocker Ⅲ;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States,College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States;

    Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States,College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States,Shell Projects and Technology, RMZ Centennial Campus B, No. 8B, Kundalahalli Main Road, Bengaluru-56004S, India;

    College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States;

    College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States;

    Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States,College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States;

    Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States,College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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