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Platinum Availability for Future Automotive Technologies

机译:未来汽车技术的白金可用性

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摘要

Platinum is an excellent catalyst, can be used at high temperatures, and is stable in many aggressive chemical environments. Consequently, platinum is used in many current industrial applications, notably automotive catalytic converters, and prospective vehicle fuel cells are expected to rely upon it. Between 2005 and 2010, the automotive industry used approximately 40% of mined platinum. Future automotive industry growth and automotive sales shifts toward new technologies could significantly alter platinum demand. The potential risks for decreased platinum availability are evaluated, using an analysis of platinum market characteristics that describes platinum's geophysical constraints, institutional efficiency, and dynamic responsiveness. Results show that platinum demand for an automotive fleet that meets 450 ppm greenhouse gas stabilization goals would require within 10% of historical growth rates of platinum supply before 2025. However, such a fleet, due largely to sales growth in fuel cell vehicles, will more strongly constrain platinum supply in the 2050 time period. While current platinum reserves are sufficient to satisfy this increased demand, decreasing platinum ore grade and continued concentration of platinum supply in a single geographic area are availability risk factors to platinum end-users.
机译:铂是极好的催化剂,可以在高温下使用,并且在许多侵蚀性化学环境中稳定。因此,铂金被用于许多当前的工业应用中,特别是汽车催化转化器,预期未来的汽车燃料电池将依赖铂金。在2005年至2010年之间,汽车工业使用了大约40%的开采铂。未来汽车行业的增长和汽车销售向新技术的转移可能会极大地改变铂金的需求。通过对描述铂金的地球物理限制,机构效率和动态响应能力的铂金市场特征进行分析,评估了降低铂金可用性的潜在风险。结果表明,对于满足450 ppm温室气体稳定目标的汽车车队,铂金需求将需要在2025年之前的铂金供应历史增长率的10%以内。但是,由于燃料电池汽车的销售增长,这种车队的铂金需求将进一步增加。强烈限制了2050年的铂金供应。虽然当前的铂金储量足以满足这一增长的需求,但铂金矿石品位的下降以及铂金供应在单个地理区域内的持续集中是铂金最终用户可获得性的风险因素。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第23期|12986-12993|共8页
  • 作者单位

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States;

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States;

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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