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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Household Light Makes Global Heat: High Black Carbon Emissions From Kerosene Wick Lamps
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Household Light Makes Global Heat: High Black Carbon Emissions From Kerosene Wick Lamps

机译：家用照明使全球升温：煤油灯芯灯产生的大量黑碳排放

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摘要

Kerosene-fueled wick lamps used in millions of developing-country households are a significant but overlooked source of black carbon (BC) emissions. We present new laboratory and field measurements showing that 7-9% of kerosene consumed by widely used simple wick lamps is converted to carbonaceous particulate matter that is nearly pure BC. These high emission factors increase previous BC emission estimates from kerosene by 20-fold, to 270 Gg/year (9096 uncertainty bounds: 110, 590 Gg/year). Aerosol climate forcing on atmosphere and snow from this source is estimated at 22 mW/m~2 (8, 48 mW/m~2), or 7% of BC forcing by all other energy-related sources. Kerosene lamps have affordable alternatives that pose few clear adoption barriers and would provide immediate benefit to user welfare. The net effect on climate is definitively positive forcing as coemitted organic carbon is low. No other major BC source has such readily available alternatives, definitive climate forcing effects, and cobenefits. Replacement of kerosene-fueled wick lamps deserves strong consideration for programs that target short-lived climate forcers.
机译：数百万发展中国家家庭使用的煤油灯芯灯是黑碳（BC）排放的重要但被忽视的来源。我们提供了新的实验室和现场测量结果，结果表明，广泛使用的简单灯芯灯消耗的7-9％的煤油被转化为几乎纯正BC的碳质颗粒物。这些高排放因子将先前的煤油BC排放估算值提高了20倍，达到270 Gg /年（9096不确定性范围：110、590 Gg /年）。该来源对大气和积雪的气溶胶气候强迫估计为22 mW / m〜2（8，48 mW / m〜2），或所有其他能源相关来源的BC强迫的7％。煤油灯具有可负担的替代品，几乎没有什么明显的采用障碍，并且可以立即为用户带来福利。由于共同排放的有机碳含量低，对气候的最终影响是肯定的。没有其他主要的卑诗省资源具有此类现成的替代方法，确定的气候强迫效应和协同效益。对于以短期气候推动者为目标的计划，更换煤油灯芯灯值得强烈考虑。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2012年第24期|13531-13538|共8页
  • 作者

    Nicholas L. Lam; Yanju Chen; Cheryl Weyant; Chandra Venkataraman; Pankaj Sadavarte; Michael A. Johnson; Kirk R. Smith; Benjamin T. Brem; Joseph Arineitwe; Justin E. Ellis; Tami C. Bond;

  • 作者单位

    Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States;

    Department of Chemical Engineering and Climate Studies Program, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India;

    Department of Chemical Engineering and Climate Studies Program, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India;

    Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California 94704, United States;

    Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States;

    Center for Integrated Research and Community Development (CIRCODU), Kampala, Uganda;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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