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Fate of Dispersants Associated with the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

机译：与深水地平线漏油有关的分散剂的命运

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摘要

Response actions to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill included the injection of～771,000 gallons (2,900,000 L) of chemical dispersant into the flow of oil near the seafloor. Prior to this incident, no deepwater applications of dispersant had been conducted, and thus no data exist on the environmental fate of dispersants in deepwater. We used ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to identify and quantify one key ingredient of the dispersant, the anionic surfactant DOSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), in the Gulf of Mexico deepwater during active flow and again after flow had ceased. Here we show that DOSS was sequestered in deepwater hydrocarbon plumes at 1000-1200 m water depth and did not intermingle with surface dispersant applications. Further, its concentration distribution was consistent with conservative transport and dilution at depth and it persisted up to 300 km from the well, 64 days after deepwater dispersant applications ceased. We conclude that DOSS was selectively associated with the oil and gas phases in the deepwater plume, yet underwent negligible, or slow, rates of biodegradation in the affected waters. These results provide important constraints on accurate modeling of the deepwater plume and critical geochemical contexts for future toxcological studies.
机译：针对“深水地平线”溢油的响应行动包括向海底附近的油流中注入约771,000加仑（2,900,000升）的化学分散剂。在此事件之前，没有进行过深水分散剂的应用，因此没有关于深水分散剂的环境命运的数据。我们使用超高分辨率质谱和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC / MS / MS）来识别和量化分散剂的一种关键成分，即阴离子表面活性剂DOSS（磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠），在有效流动期间处于墨西哥湾深水在流量停止之后又一次。在这里，我们显示DOSS被隔离在水深1000-1200 m的深水烃羽中，并且不与表面分散剂应用混合。此外，它的浓度分布与深处的保守运输和稀释相一致，并且在停止深水分散剂施用后64天，它一直保持到距井300 km。我们得出的结论是，DOSS与深水羽流中的石油和气相有选择性地相关联，但在受影响的水中生物降解速率可忽略不计或缓慢。这些结果为深水羽流的精确建模和未来的毒理学研究的关键地球化学环境提供了重要的限制。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第4期|p.1298-1306|共9页
  • 作者

    Elizabeth B. Kujawinski; Melissa C. Kido Soule; David L. Valentine; Angela K. Boysen; Krista Longnecker; Molly C. Redmond;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,Massachusetts 02543, United States;

    Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,Massachusetts 02543, United States;

    Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,California 93106, United States;

    Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,California 93106, United States,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States;

    Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,Massachusetts 02543, United States;

    Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,California 93106, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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