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XRF-Analysis of Fine and Ultrafine Particles Emitted from Laser Printing Devices

机译：XRF分析激光打印设备发出的细颗粒和超细颗粒

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摘要

In this work, the elemental composition of fine and ultrafine particles emitted by ten different laser printing devices (L.PD) is examined. The particle number concentration time series was measured as well as the particle size distributions. In parallel, emitted particles were size-selectively sampled with a cascade impactor and subsequently analyzed by the means of XRF. In order to identify potential sources for the aerosol's elemental composition, materials involved in the printing process such as toner, paper, and structural components of the printer were also analyzed. While the majority of particle emissions from laser printers are known to consist of recondensated semi volatile organic compounds, elemental analysis identifies Si, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Fe as well as traces of Ni and Zn in different size fractions of the aerosols. These elements can mainly be assigned to contributions from toner and paper. The detection of elements that are likely to be present in inorganic compounds is in good agreement with the measurement of nonvolatile particles. Quantitative measurements of solid particles at 400 ℃ resulted in residues of 1.6 × 10~(9)and 1.5 ×10~(10)particles per print job, representing fractions of 0.2% and 1.9% of the total number of emitted particles at room temperature. In combination with the XRF results it is concluded that solid inorganic particles contribute to LPD emissions in measurable quantities. Furthermore, for the first time Br was detected in significant concentrations in the aerosol emitted from two LPD. The analysis of several possible sources identified the plastic housings of the fuser units as main sources due to substantial Br concentrations related to brominated flame retardants.
机译：在这项工作中，检查了十种不同的激光打印设备（L.PD）发射的细颗粒和超细颗粒的元素组成。测量颗粒数浓度时间序列以及粒度分布。平行地，用级联撞击器对发射的颗粒进行尺寸选择采样，然后通过XRF进行分析。为了确定气溶胶元素组成的潜在来源，还分析了打印过程中涉及的材料，例如墨粉，纸张和打印机的结构部件。虽然已知激光打印机的大部分颗粒排放物都是由再冷凝的半挥发性有机化合物组成，但元素分析可识别出Si，S，Cl，Ca，Ti，Cr和Fe以及痕量Ni和Zn的不同大小分数。气溶胶。这些元素主要可以分配给碳粉和纸张的贡献。无机化合物中可能存在的元素的检测与非挥发性颗粒的测量非常吻合。固体颗粒在400℃下的定量测量结果是每次打印残留1.6×10〜（9）和1.5×10〜（10）个颗粒，分别占室温下发射颗粒总数的0.2％和1.9％ 。结合XRF结果得出的结论是，固体无机颗粒有助于LPD排放的可测量数量。此外，首次从两个LPD排放的气溶胶中检测到显着浓度的Br。对几种可能来源的分析确定，定影单元的塑料外壳是主要来源，因为与溴化阻燃剂有关的溴含量很高。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2011年第18期|p.7819-7825|共7页
  • 作者

    Mathias Barthel; Vasilisa Pedan; Oliver Hahn; Monika Rothhardt; Harald Bresch; Oliver Jann; Stefan Seeger;

  • 作者单位

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.2 Environmental Material and Product Properties,Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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