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Economic and Environmental Transportation Effects of Large-Scale Ethanol Production and Distribution in the United States

机译:美国大规模乙醇生产和分销的经济和环境运输影响

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摘要

The combination of current and planned 2007 U.S. ethanol production capacity is 50 billion L/yr, one-third of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) target of 136 billion L of biofuels by 2022. In this study, we evaluate transportation impacts and infrastructure requirements for the use of E85 (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) in light-duty vehicles using a combination of corn and cellulosic ethanol. Ethanol distribution is modeled using a linear optimization model. Estimated average delivered ethanol costs, in 2005 dollars, range from $0.29 to $0.62 per liter ($1.3-2.8 per gallon), depending on transportation distance and mode. Emissions from ethanol transport estimated in this work are up to 2 times those in previous ethanol LCA studies and thus lead to larger total life cycle effects. Long-distance transport of ethanol to the end user can negate ethanol's potential economic and environmental benefits relative to gasoline. To reduce costs, we recommend regional concentration of E85 blends for future ethanol production and use.
机译:美国目前和计划中的2007年乙醇产能合计为500亿升/年,是2007年《能源独立与安全法》(EISA)到2022年实现1,360亿升生物燃料目标的三分之一。在本研究中,我们评估了运输在使用玉米和纤维素乙醇的轻型车辆中使用E85(85%乙醇,15%汽油)的影响和基础设施要求。使用线性优化模型对乙醇分布进行建模。根据运输距离和方式的不同,估计的平均交付乙醇成本以2005年美元计,在每升0.29美元至0.62美元(每加仑1.3-2.8美元)之间。在这项工作中估计的乙醇运输排放量是先前乙醇LCA研究中排放量的2倍,因此导致更大的总生命周期影响。乙醇向最终用户的长途运输可以抵消乙醇相对于汽油的潜在经济和环境利益。为了降低成本,我们建议将E85共混物集中使用,以备将来乙醇生产和使用。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2009年第7期|2228-2233|共6页
  • 作者单位

    TRC Energy Services, Ithaca, New York 14850;

    Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213;

    Departments of Engineering and Public Policy Tepper School of Business,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213;

    Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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