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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of consumer policy >Distributional effects of environmental taxes on transportation: evidence from Engel curves in the United States
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Distributional effects of environmental taxes on transportation: evidence from Engel curves in the United States

机译：环境税对运输的分配效应：美国恩格尔曲线的证据

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摘要

Indirect taxes on transportation activities that pollute can correct externalities and close the gaps between private and social costs. However, policy makers often find such Pigou taxes difficult to implement because of political resistance due to possibly adverse affects on equity. For this reason it is important to assess the distributional aspects of environmental levies. This article estimates properties of the demand for transportation in parametric and non-parametric analyses of Consumer Expenditure Surveys for the United States and finds patterns in the resulting set of Engel curves. Private transportation using air flights and new cars has Engel elasticity above unity while public transportation via mass transit has Engel elasticity below unity. The findings can be interpreted in an important way since they show that a differentiated scheme of environmental taxes on transportation may function progressively. A Pigou scheme with larger taxes on modes of transportation that pollute more appears to coincide with larger levies on luxury modes preferred by richer households.
机译：对污染污染的运输活动征收间接税可以纠正外部性并缩小私人成本和社会成本之间的差距。但是，由于可能对股本产生不利影响，由于政治阻力，政策制定者经常发现难以实施此类庇古税。因此，评估环境税的分配方面很重要。本文通过对美国消费者支出调查的参数和非参数分析来估计运输需求的性质，并在所得恩格尔曲线集中找到模式。乘坐飞机和新车的私人运输的恩格尔弹性高于统一，而通过大众运输的公共交通的恩格尔弹性低于统一。这些发现可以用一种重要的方式来解释，因为它们表明，有区别的交通运输环境税方案可能会逐步发挥作用。一项对污染较大的交通方式征收较高税款的庇古计划，似乎与对较富裕家庭偏爱的豪华方式征收更大的税费相吻合。

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