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Distributional Effects of Environmental Taxes on Transportation

机译：环境税对运输的分配效应

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This article deals with environmental and distributional effects from a differentiated tax system on a set of disaggregated transportation goods. Empirical examination of Norwegian data indicates that higher tax rates on high-pollution luxury modes of transportation such as air flights and taxis reduce inequality and increase environmental quality. Lower tax rates on low-pollution necessities such as buses, bicycles, and mopeds reduce inequality and increase environmental quality. Higher taxes on high-pollution necessities such as gasoline have favourable environmental effects, but increase inequality somewhat. Railway passenger transportation appears to be distributionally neutral. In order to interpret the estimates with respect to distributional and environmental concerns, use is made of a theory of distribution effects based on Engel, child, and adult elastricities and a wide range of empirical estimates of environmental hazards from transportation consumption. For different modes of transportation, an analysis is made of emissions per passenger-kilometer and per monetary unit.
机译：本文讨论了针对一组分类运输商品的差别税制带来的环境和分配影响。对挪威数据的实证研究表明，对高污染豪华运输模式（如飞机和出租车）提高税率可减少不平等现象并提高环境质量。降低低污染必需品（如公共汽车，自行车和轻便摩托车）的税率可减少不平等现象并提高环境质量。对高污染必需品（例如汽油）征收更高的税率会对环境产生有利影响，但会在一定程度上加剧不平等现象。铁路客运在分配上似乎是中立的。为了解释有关分布和环境问题的估计，使用了基于恩格尔，儿童和成人的稀疏性的分布影响理论以及运输消费对环境危害的广泛实证估计。对于不同的运输方式，将对每个旅客公里和每个货币单位的排放量进行分析。

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