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Spot Fumigation: Fumigant Gas Dispersion and Emission Characteristics

机译：现场熏蒸：熏蒸气体扩散和排放特性

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摘要

Reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fumigant pesticides is mandatory in California, especially in "nonattainment areas" like the San Joaquin Valley that do not meet federal air quality standards. A two-year field study was conducted to examine the feasibility of site-specific fumigant application only at future tree sites with dramatically reduced amounts of fumigant chemicals on an orchard basis. Soil gas distribution and atmospheric emission of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin were measured after applying Inline using subsurface drip irrigation. It was predicted that except in the surface 20 cm of soil, satisfactory pest control could be achieved within a 15 cm radius from the injection point. Also, at radial distances of 15-51 cm from the point of fumigant injection, effective nematode control may be achieved. Cumulative atmospheric emission of the fumigants was estimated to be 18-23% of the applied active ingredients in plots that had been cover cropped with Sudan grass and 2-6% in plots that had remained bare for several months before treatment Considering the significantly small amount of fumigant used on an orchard basis, the spot drip fumigation may achieve a 10-fold reduction in atmospheric VOCs load from fumigant pesticides.
机译：在加利福尼亚州，必须减少熏蒸剂中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的排放，特别是在诸如圣华金河谷等不符合联邦空气质量标准的“未达标地区”。进行了为期两年的野外研究，以检验仅在果园中熏蒸剂化学物质的量大大减少的未来树木场所使用特定场所熏蒸剂的可行性。用地下滴灌法在线测量土壤气体分布和1，3-二氯丙烯和氯吡啶的大气排放量。据预测，除了在土壤20 cm的表层之外，在距注入点15 cm的半径内可以实现令人满意的害虫防治。而且，在距熏蒸剂注入点的径向距离为15-51 cm处，可以实现有效的线虫控制。熏蒸剂的累积大气排放量估计为苏丹草覆盖的地块中所施用活性成分的18-23％，而在处理前几个月未裸露的地块中为2-6％。在果园使用熏蒸剂的情况下，点滴熏蒸可以使熏蒸剂中的挥发性有机化合物减少10倍。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2009年第15期|5783-5789|共7页
  • 作者

    D. WANG; G. BROWNE; S. GAO; B. HANSON; J. GBRIK; R. QIN; N. THARAYIL;

  • 作者单位

    USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648;

    USDA-ARS, University of California, Davis, California 95616;

    USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648;

    USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648;

    USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648;

    USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648;

    USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648 Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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