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首页> 外文期刊>植物防疫所調查研究報告 >Synergistic and Suffocative Effects of Fumigation with a Lower-Concentration Phosphine and Sulfuryl Fluoride Gas Mixture on Mortality of Sitophilus Species (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), a Stored-Product Pest Part 2: Susceptibility Test on Sitophilus zeamais for Fumigation with a Gas Mixture, and Verification Test of a Sequential Fumigation with Two Fumigants
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Synergistic and Suffocative Effects of Fumigation with a Lower-Concentration Phosphine and Sulfuryl Fluoride Gas Mixture on Mortality of Sitophilus Species (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), a Stored-Product Pest Part 2: Susceptibility Test on Sitophilus zeamais for Fumigation with a Gas Mixture, and Verification Test of a Sequential Fumigation with Two Fumigants

机译：较低浓度的磷化氢和硫酰氟气体混合物熏蒸对食虫物种（鞘翅目：Dryophthoridae）死亡率的影响（实蝇害虫，第2部分：玉米天牛对混合气体熏蒸的敏感性试验和验证）带有两个熏蒸剂的顺序熏蒸试验

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摘要

Susceptibility tests of Sitophilus zeamais were conducted at 15°C using a gas mixture (low concentration of phosphine [PH_3]+sulfuryl fluoride [SF]) as well as PH_3 gas and SF gas. Insect mortalities were drastically increased at a gas mixture of SF20 mg/l+PH3 0.05-0.1 mg/1 for 3 hours to adults, and that of SF 0.7 mg/l+PH_3 0.1-1.0mg/l for 24 hours to larvae, compared to the single gas fumigations of PH_3 and SF in equivalent dosage, time, and temperature for each stage. The insect body could sufficiently take up both fumigants through respiration under the condition that respiration is not impeded, such as fumigation with lower PH_3 dosage, and mortalities was increased by the synergistic effect. On the contrary, distinctive lower mortalities were shown at a gas mixture of SF 0.9 mg/l+PH_3 0.1-1.0 mg/1 for 24 hours to pupae. From the investigation of paralytic status on pupae that underwent lower dosages (0.025, 0.05， and 0.1mg/1) of PH_3 fumigation for 20 hours, it was supposed that inhibition of SF uptake would possibly happen because the respiration of pupae could be suppressed by PH_3 more sensibly than adults and larvae. Fumigation tests for adults, which were sequentially fumigated with SF 20 mg/1 for 3 hours and PH_3 0.05-0.1mg/1 for 4hours in order and vice versa, showed increasing mortality regardless of the fumigation order of the two gases, despite a 1-hour aeration carried out between the two fumigations. A synergistic effect could be achieved without mixing both gases at fumigation. Mortalities of pupae at a sequential fumigation that were conducted by fumigation with SF 0.9 mg/1 for 24 hours initially, and then sequentially dosed with PH_3 1.0， 1.5， or 2.0 mg/1 and maintained for 48 hours, were significantly increased to 84.5% from the result of 16.5% on gas mixture fumigation. Pupal mortalities were increased to 92.0% according to PH_3 dosage rates, and those mortalities were significantly different among PH_3 dosage rate tested (alpha=0.05). Verification tests of sequential fumigation that were conducted by SF 2.2 mg/1 for 24 hrs and PH_3 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/1 for 48 hrs at 15°C achieved 100% mortality of more than ca.1,000 individuals for each egg, larva, and pupa of S, zeamais. The sequential fumigation with SF and PH_3 was decided to be effective to eliminate all stages of two sitophilus species.
机译：在15°C下使用混合气体（低浓度的膦[PH_3] +硫酰氟[SF]）以及PH_3气体和SF气体在15°C下进行了玉米嗜酸性嗜血杆菌的药敏试验。 SF3 mg / l + PH3 0.05-0.1 mg / 1的混合气体对成虫3小时，SF 0.7 mg / l + PH_3 0.1-1.0mg / l的混合气体对幼虫的混合气体（24小时），昆虫的死亡率急剧增加，与每个阶段的等效剂量，时间和温度下的PH_3和SF的单一气体熏蒸相比。在不阻碍呼吸的条件下，例如PH_3剂量较低的熏蒸，虫体可以通过呼吸充分吸收两种熏蒸剂，并且通过协同作用增加了死亡率。相反，在p 0.9 mg / l + PH_3 0.1-1.0 mg / 1的混合气体中持续24小时显示出较低的死亡率。根据对lower进行较低剂量（0.025、0.05和0.1mg / 1）PH_3熏蒸20小时的p的麻痹状态调查，认为可能会抑制SF摄取，因为by可以通过抑制suppressed的呼吸PH_3比成年幼虫更明智。对成年人进行的熏蒸试验依次进行了SF 20 mg / 1的熏蒸3小时和PH_3 0.05-0.1mg / 1的熏蒸4小时，反之亦然，尽管两种气体的熏蒸顺序不同，但死亡率却增加了，两次熏蒸之间进行了一个小时的通气。无需在熏蒸时将两种气体混合即可达到协同作用。通过先用SF 0.9 mg / 1熏蒸24小时，然后依次施用PH_3 1.0、1.5或2.0 mg / 1并维持48小时进行的连续熏蒸p的死亡率显着提高至84.5％从混合气体熏蒸的16.5％的结果。根据PH_3剂量率，死亡率增加到92.0％，并且在测试的PH_3剂量率之间，这些死亡率有显着差异（alpha = 0.05）。在15°C下由SF 2.2 mg / 1进行24小时，PH_3 1.0、1.5或2.0 mg / 1进行48小时进行顺序熏蒸的验证测试，每个鸡蛋的100％死亡率超过1000个人，玉米幼虫和S的幼虫。 SF和PH_3的顺序熏蒸被认为可以有效消除两个嗜果蝇物种的所有阶段。

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