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Analysis of Steroid Hormones in a Typical Dairy Waste Disposal System

机译：典型乳制品处理系统中类固醇激素的分析

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The environmental loading of steroid hormones contained in dairy wastes may cause an adverse effect on aquatic species. To better assess the potential risks of hormone contamination resulting from land application of dairy wastes, various steroid hormones were determined in a typical dairy waste disposal system. Quantitative methods using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were developed to monitor low levels of steroid hormones in complex solid and liquid samples contaminated with dairy manure. The preparation method for wastewater analysis consisted of solid-phase extraction and purification steps, which minimized interference from the sample matrices and achieved low detection limits for the studied hormones. In the dairy wastewater and lagoon water, three endogenous hormones-17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone-were detected. The concentration of 17α-estradiol in fresh milk parlor effluent rapidly decreased along the wastewater disposal route, whereas the concentration of estrone increased along this same pathway. This suggests that 17α-estradiol was readily oxidized to the metabolite estrone. Levels of total steroid hormones in the sequencing lagoon water were approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than those in the fresh dairy wastewaters, indicating significant removal of these hormones during the transport of dairy wastewater from source to field. In solid dairy waste samples, four steroid hormones were identified and quantified. Increasing the piling time of solid wastes and increasing the residence time of wastewater in sequencing lagoons are suggested to be economical and efficient agriculture practices to extend the degradation time of hormone contaminants and thereby reduce the hormone load to the environment.
机译：乳制品废物中所含类固醇激素的环境负荷可能会对水生生物造成不利影响。为了更好地评估由于乳制品废物土地施用而引起的激素污染的潜在风险，在典型的乳制品废物处置系统中确定了各种类固醇激素。开发了使用气相色谱/质谱（GC / MS）的定量方法来监测受乳牛粪污染的复杂固体和液体样品中低水平的类固醇激素。废水分析的制备方法包括固相萃取和纯化步骤，可最大程度地减少样品基质的干扰，并降低研究激素的检测限。在乳制品废水和泻湖水中，检测到三种内源激素17α-雌二醇，17β-雌二醇和雌酮。鲜奶厅排出物中17α-雌二醇的浓度沿废水处理途径迅速降低，而雌酮的浓度沿同一途径升高。这表明17α-雌二醇容易被氧化为代谢物雌酮。测序泻湖水中的总类固醇激素水平比新鲜乳品废水中的总类固醇激素水平低约1-3个数量级，这表明在从源头到田间运输乳品废水的过程中，这些激素的去除率很高。在固体乳制品废物样品中，鉴定并定量了四种类固醇激素。据建议，增加固体废物的堆积时间和增加废水在测序泻湖中的停留时间是一种经济有效的农业实践，可以延长激素污染物的降解时间，从而减少环境中的激素负荷。

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