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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Ab Initio and in Situ Comparison of Caffeine, Triclosan, and Triclocarban as Indicators of Sewage-Derived Microbes in Surface Waters
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Ab Initio and in Situ Comparison of Caffeine, Triclosan, and Triclocarban as Indicators of Sewage-Derived Microbes in Surface Waters

机译：咖啡因，三氯生和三氯卡班的从头算和原位比较作为地表水中污水衍生微生物的指标

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Three organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) were evaluated in theory and practice for their potential to trace sewage-derived microbial contaminants in surface waters. The underlying hypothesis was that hydrophobic OWCs outperform caffeine as a chemical tracer, due to their sorptive association with suspended microorganisms representing particulate organic carbon (POC). Modeling from first principles (ab initio) of OWC sorption to POC under environmental conditions suggested an increasing predictive power: caffeine (0.2% sorbed) < triclosan (9-60%; pH 6-9) < triclocarban (76%). Empirical evidence was obtained via analysis of surface water from three watersheds in a rural-to-urban gradient in Baltimore, MD. Mass spectrometric OWC detections were correlated to microbial plate counts for 40 monitoring sites along 14 streams, including multiple chronic sewage release sites and the local wastewater treatment plant. Consistent with ab initio calculations, correlation analyses of 104 observations for fecal coliforms, enterococci, and Escherichia coli in natural surface waters showed that the particle-active antimicrobials triclosan and triclocarban (R~2 range, 0.45-0.55) were indeed superiorto caffeine (0.16-0.37) fortracking of microbial indicators. It is concluded that chemical monitoring of microbial risks is more effective when using hydrophobic OWCs such as triclosan and triclocarban in place of, or in conjunction with, the traditional marker caffeine.
机译：在理论和实践中对三种有机废水化合物（OWC）进行了评估，以发现其潜在的地表水中微量微生物污染源。潜在的假设是疏水性OWC在化学示踪剂方面优于咖啡因，因为它们与代表颗粒有机碳（POC）的悬浮微生物具有吸附性。在环境条件下从OWC吸附到POC的第一个原理（从头算起）进行建模表明，预测能力不断提高：咖啡因（吸附量为0.2％）<三氯生（9-60％； pH 6-9）<三氯卡班（76％）。通过分析马里兰州巴尔的摩市从农村到城市的三个分水岭的地表水获得了经验证据。质谱法OWC的检测与沿14条河流的40个监测点的微生物板数相关，这些监测点包括多个慢性污水排放站和当地的废水处理厂。与从头算计算一致，在自然地表水中对粪便大肠菌，肠球菌和大肠杆菌的104项观察结果进行相关分析，结果表明，具有颗粒活性的抗菌剂三氯生和三氯卡班（R〜2范围，0.45-0.55）确实优于咖啡因（0.16） -0.37）跟踪微生物指标。结论是，当使用疏水性OWC（例如三氯生和三氯卡班）代替传统的咖啡因或与之结合使用时，对微生物风险的化学监测更为有效。

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