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Lead Penetration and Leaching in a Complex Temperate Soil Profile

机译：复杂温带土壤剖面中的铅渗透和浸出

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The documented loss of anthropogenic Pb from soil organic horizons and its migration into the mineral soil below has raised several environmental concerns, especially over the leaching of Pb into groundwater aquifers and subsequently into other environmental compartments of the ecosystem. Here, a complex colluvial soil formed over the last 10,000 years in NW Spain is studied. The objective is to evaluate the behavior of Pb in soils, including its migration rates and the potential use of complex soils as archives of atmospheric Pb pollution. To this end, Pb concentrations and Pb isotope ratios for total soil, and for acid-extractable (0.5 M HNO_3) and residual fractions were determined. We show that the acid-extractable fraction is more radiogenic than the residual one in most of the soil profile and that this relationship is reversed in the surface layers (<15 cm) where pollution is greatest. Radiogenic Pb seems to have been leached out during rock weathering and pedogenesis of the soil. Comparison with a nearby peat record of atmospheric Pb deposition over the last 8 kyears demonstrates that though signals from pollution are detected in the soil record, the soil itself does not provide an accurate reconstruction of Pb deposition. On the basis of the history of soil formation the most likely Pb migration rate is estimated at approximately 0.01 cm year~(-1). At this migration rate Pb would be retained in the soil column for ～20 kyear. In other words, there is no evidence for the relatively rapid movement of Pb into the soil.
机译：有记录的人为铅从土壤有机层流失并迁移到下面的矿物土壤中引起了一些环境问题，特别是铅在浸入地下水蓄水层以及随后浸入生态系统的其他环境区域时。在这里，研究了西班牙西北地区近10,000年形成的复杂的冲积土壤。目的是评估铅在土壤中的行为，包括其迁移速率以及将复杂土壤作为大气铅污染档案的潜在用途。为此，确定了整个土壤，可酸萃取的（0.5 M HNO_3）和残留分数的铅浓度和铅同位素比。我们表明，在大多数土壤剖面中，酸可萃取级分比残留级分更易放射，并且这种关系在污染最大的表层（<15 cm）中是相反的。在岩石风化和土壤成岩过程中，似乎已经滤出了放射性Pb。与最近8 k年内附近的泥炭大气大气Pb沉积记录进行的比较表明，尽管在土壤记录中检测到了来自污染的信号，但土壤本身无法提供准确的Pb沉积构造。根据土壤形成的历史，最可能的铅迁移速率估计为约0.01 cm年〜（-1）。在此迁移速率下，铅将在土壤柱中保留约20 k年。换句话说，没有证据表明Pb相对快速地移入土壤。

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