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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Interaction between Urbanization and Climate Variability Amplifies Watershed Nitrate Export in Maryland
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Interaction between Urbanization and Climate Variability Amplifies Watershed Nitrate Export in Maryland

机译：城市化与气候变化之间的相互作用加剧了马里兰州流域硝酸盐的出口

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We investigated regional effects of urbanization and land use change on nitrate concentrations in approximately 1,000 small streams in Maryland during record drought and wet years in 2001-2003. We also investigated changes in nitrate-N export during the same time period in 8 intensively monitored small watersheds across an urbanization gradient in Baltimore, Maryland. Nitrate-N concentrations in Maryland were greatest in agricultural streams, urban streams, and forest streams respectively. During the period of record drought and wet years, nitrate-N exports in Baltimore showed substantial variation in 6 suburban/urban streams (2.9-15.3 kg/ha/y), 1 agricultural stream (3.4-38.9 kg/ha/y), and 1 forest stream (0.03-0.2 kg/ ha/y). Interannual variability wassimilarforsmall Baltimore streams and nearby well-monitored tributaries and coincided withrnrecord hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay. Discharge-weighted mean annual nitrate concentrations showed a variable tendency to decrease/increase with changes in annual runoff, although total N export generally increased with annual runoff. N retention in small Baltimore watersheds during the 2002 drought was 85%, 99%, and 94% for suburban, forest, and agricultural watersheds, respectively, and declined to 35%, 91%, and 41% during the wet year of 2003. Our results suggest that urban land use change can increase the vulnerability of ecosystem nitrogen retention functions to climatic variability. Further work is necessary to characterize patterns of nitrate-N export and retention in small urbanizing watersheds under varying climatic conditions to improve future forecasting and watershed scale restoration efforts aimed at improving nitrate-N retention.
机译：我们调查了2001年至2003年创纪录的干旱和潮湿年份，马里兰州大约1,000条小溪中城市化和土地利用变化对硝酸盐浓度的区域影响。我们还在马里兰州巴尔的摩的整个城市化梯度中的8个受到严格监控的小流域中，调查了同期硝酸盐氮出口的变化。马里兰州的硝酸盐氮浓度最高，分别位于农业流，城市流和森林流中。在创纪录的干旱和潮湿年份期间，巴尔的摩的硝酸盐氮出口在6个郊区/城市河流（2.9-15.3 kg / ha / y），1个农业河流域（3.4-38.9 kg / ha / y）， 1条森林溪流（0.03-0.2千克/公顷/年）。巴尔的摩小溪流和附近受监控的支流的年际变化相似，并且与切萨皮克湾的缺氧记录相吻合。排放加权平均年硝酸盐浓度显示出随年径流量变化而下降/增加的变化趋势，尽管总氮出口通常随年径流量而增加。在2002年干旱期间，巴尔的摩小流域的氮素保留率分别为郊区，森林和农业流域的85％，99％和94％，而在2003年的潮湿年份下降到35％，91％和41％。我们的结果表明，城市土地利用的变化会增加生态系统氮保持功能对气候变化的脆弱性。有必要开展进一步工作来表征在不同气候条件下小型城市化流域中硝酸盐氮的出口和保留方式，以改善未来的预测和旨在改善硝酸盐氮保留量的分水岭规模恢复工作。

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