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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Monitoring the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and hormones in different treatment processes of source-separated urine with bioassays
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Monitoring the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and hormones in different treatment processes of source-separated urine with bioassays

机译：通过生物测定法监测源分离尿液不同处理过程中药物和激素的去除效率

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Urine can be collected separately from the general wastewater with the aim of recycling the nutrients. Urine source-separation not only prevents wasting nutrients but also prevents potentially hazardous micropollutants from entering the wastewater stream and tainting a final fertilizer product. We assessed various urine treatment technologies for their performance to remove micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, natural and synthetic steroid hormones, and their human biotransformation products. Removal efficiencies were determined with a combination of bioassays and chemical target analysis. The yeast estrogen screen yielded information on estrogenicity. Specific phytotoxicity and nonspecific baseline toxicity was determined with an algae chlorophyll fluorescence test. Filtration methods, such as nanofiltration and electrodialysis, were highly efficient with respect to toxicity reduction. Micropollutant degradation during biological treatment in a sequencing batch reactor was very compound specific. Ozonation removed the target analytes and the estrogenicity completely, but the baseline toxicity was only reduced by 50-60% depending on the ozone doses. Struvite precipitation produced a very "clean" fertilizer product that is ready to use. The examples show that bioassays and chemical analysis yield complementary information, but are very useful to monitor treatment efficiencies and to assess the ecotoxicological potential of byproducts of urine treatment processes. The results of this study present a method to assess the micropollutant removal efficiency, and therefore, support the choice of an appropriate urine processing technique for real-world applications.
机译：尿液可与一般废水分开收集，以回收养分。尿液源分离不仅可以防止营养浪费，而且还可以防止潜在的有害微污染物进入废水流并污染最终的肥料产品。我们评估了各种尿液处理技术在去除微量污染物（例如药物，天然和合成类固醇激素）及其人类生物转化产品方面的性能。结合生物测定和化学目标分析确定去除效率。酵母雌激素筛选产生有关雌激素的信息。通过藻类叶绿素荧光测试确定了特定的植物毒性和非特异性的基线毒性。过滤方法（例如纳滤和电渗析）在降低毒性方面非常有效。在定序分批反应器中进行生物处理时，微污染物的降解非常具有化合物特异性。臭氧处理完全去除了目标分析物和雌激素，但根据臭氧剂量，基线毒性仅降低了50-60％。鸟粪石沉淀产生了非常“干净”的肥料产品，可以立即使用。实例表明，生物测定和化学分析可产生补充信息，但对于监测治疗效率和评估尿处理过程副产物的生态毒理潜力非常有用。这项研究的结果提出了一种评估微污染物去除效率的方法，因此，可以支持为实际应用选择合适的尿液处理技术。

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