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The costs, air quality, and human health effects of meeting peak electricity demand with installed backup generators

机译:通过安装备用发电机来满足峰值用电需求的成本,空气质量和人体健康影响

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摘要

Existing generators installed for backup during blackouts could be operated during periods of peak electricity demand, increasing grid reliability and supporting electricity delivery. Many generators, however, have non-negligible air emissions and may potentially damage air quality and harm human health. To evaluate using these generators, we compare the levelized private and social (health) costs of diesel internal combustion engines (ICE) with and without diesel particulate filters (DPF), natural gas ICEs, and microturbines to a new peaking plant in New York, NY. To estimate the social cost, first we calculate the upper range emissions for each generator option from producing 36 000 megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity over 3 days. We then convert the emissions into ambient concentrations with a 3-D chemical transport model, PMCAM(X), and Gaussian dispersion plumes. Using a Monte Carlo approach to incorporate the uncertainties, we calculate the health endpoints using concentration-response functions and multiply the response by its economic value. While uncontrolled diesel ICEs would harm air quality and health, a generator with a DPF has a social cost, comparable to natural gas options. We conclude on a full cost basis that backup generators, including controlled diesel ICEs, are a cost-effective method of meeting peak demand.
机译:停电期间安装用于备份的现有发电机可在用电高峰期间运行,从而提高电网可靠性并支持电力输送。但是,许多发电机的废气排放量可以忽略不计,并且可能潜在地破坏空气质量并危害人体健康。为了评估使用这些发电机的情况,我们将有无柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF),天然气ICE和微型涡轮机的柴油内燃发动机(ICE)的平价私人和社会(卫生)成本与纽约的一个新的调峰厂进行了比较,纽约。为了估算社会成本,首先,我们通过在3天内生产36000兆瓦时(MWh)的电力来计算每个发电机选件的上限排放量。然后,我们使用3-D化学迁移模型PMCAM(X)和高斯弥散羽流将排放转换为环境浓度。使用蒙特卡洛方法来纳入不确定性,我们使用浓度响应函数计算健康终点,并将响应乘以其经济价值。尽管不受控制的柴油ICE会损害空气质量和健康,但是带有DPF的发电机的社会成本与天然气选择相当。我们以全部成本为基础得出结论,备用发电机(包括受控的柴油ICE)是满足高峰需求的一种经济有效的方法。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2006年第22期|p. 6887-6893|共7页
  • 作者

    Gilmore EA; Lave LB; Adams PJ;

  • 作者单位

    Carnegie Mellon Univ, Tepper Business Sch, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境化学;
  • 关键词

    URBAN; MODEL;

    机译:城市;模型;

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