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Monitoring mercury in the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta

机译：监测Car海龟（Caretta caretta）中的汞

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摘要

The validity of using blood samples and keratinized scutes for nonlethal routine monitoring of mercury (Hg) in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, is evaluated in the context of how effectively these matrixes predict internal tissue Hg burdens and the different temporal scales of exposure they represent. Total Hg (THg) was measured in blood and scutes collected from live captures (n = 34) and liver, kidney, muscle, spinal cord, blood, and scutes collected from freshly stranded loggerhead turtles In = 6) along the coast of the southeastern United States. Linear regressions between monitoring compartments and internal tissues from stranded animals were all statistically significant (r(2) > 0.805, P < 0.015) but varied in their utility as a predictive tool depending on which tissues were paired. Blood was an effective predictor of THg in muscle r(2) = 0.988, p < 0.0001) and spinal cord (r(2) = 0.988, p < 0.0001), while scute was the most accurate predictor of THg in liver (r(2) = 0.948, p = 0.0010). The strength of the relationship between tissues types is believed to reflect the similarity in the temporal scales they represent and the variability in the fraction of methylmercury present. The stability of Hg in the scute matrix makes this tissue preferable for approximating long-term exposure, while blood Hg levels can be affected by recent changes in Hg intake. THg levels in blood and scutes from live captures were highly correlated (linear regression r(2) = 0.926, p < 0.0001) and increased significantly with body mass (r(2) = 0.173, p= 0.016 and r(2) = 0.187, p = 0.012 respectively), further supporting that there is a component reflecting long-term accumulation of Hg in these matrixes. We also present a novel technique using the residuals from the blood-scute regression as an index of recent exposure (IRE). The interpretation of this value is derived from the comparison between the most recent Hg intake (which contributes to the Hg measured in the blood) relative to the average past intake (which is recorded in the scute). A stepwise multiple regression revealed a significant positive relationship between the IRE and the proximity of the capture site to the nearest major industrial river mouth (p = 0.0102). This suggests that there is an elevation of bioavailable Hg in nearshore habitats where terrestrial influences and anthropogenic impacts are high. Seasonal foraging site fidelity and the variability in environmental Hg may explain the high intraspecific variability and occasional highly contaminated turtle seen in this and previous studies.
机译：在这些矩阵如何有效预测内部组织中的汞负荷以及它们代表的不同暴露时间尺度的背景下，评估了使用血液样本和角质化蛋白进行非致命性常规监测海龟中汞（Hg）的有效性。测量了沿东南沿海地区的鲜活捕获物（n = 34）的血液和粪便中的总汞（THg），以及从刚搁浅的龟（in = 6）中收集的肝脏，肾脏，肌肉，脊髓，血液和粪便中的总汞（THg）美国。滞留动物的监测室和内部组织之间的线性回归均具有统计学显着性（r（2）> 0.805，P <0.015），但根据配对的组织不同，它们作为预测工具的用途也有所不同。血液是肌肉中THg的有效预测因子r（2）= 0.988，p <0.0001）和脊髓（r（2）= 0.988，p <0.0001），而scute是肝脏中THg的最准确预测因子（r（ 2）= 0.948，p = 0.0010）。人们认为组织类型之间关系的强度反映了它们所代表的时间尺度上的相似性以及所存在的甲基汞分数的变异性。汞在鳞片状基质中的稳定性使该组织更适合于长期接触，而血液中的汞含量可能受近期汞摄入量变化的影响。血液和粪便中活体捕获物中的THg水平高度相关（线性回归r（2）= 0.926，p <0.0001），并随体重显着增加（r（2）= 0.173，p = 0.016和r（2）= 0.187） ，分别为p = 0.012），进一步支持在这些矩阵中存在反映Hg长期积累的成分。我们还提出了一种新技术，该技术使用了血液循环回归的残差作为近期暴露（IRE）的指标。该值的解释是根据最近的Hg摄入量（对血液中Hg的贡献）相对于过去的平均摄入量（记录在探管中）之间的比较得出的。逐步多元回归显示，IRE与捕获点到最近的主要工业河口的接近程度之间存在显着的正相关（p = 0.0102）。这表明在陆地影响和人为影响较高的近岸生境中，生物利用汞的含量升高。季节性觅食部位的保真度和环境汞的变异性可能解释了在本研究和以前的研究中发现的高种内变异性和偶发的高污染龟。

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