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Intercomparison of the community multiscale air quality model and CALGRID using process analysis

机译：使用过程分析对社区多尺度空气质量模型和CALGRID进行比对

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This study was designed to examine the similarities and differences between two advanced photochemical air quality modeling systems: EPA Models-3/CMAQ and CALGRID/CALMET. Both modeling systems were applied to an ozone episode that occurred along the 1-5 urban corridor in western Washington and Oregon during July 11-14, 1996. Both models employed the same modeling domain and used the same detailed gridded emission inventory. The CMAQ model was run using both the CB-IV and RADM2 chemical mechanisms, while CALGRID was used with the SAPRC-97 chemical mechanism. Output from the Mesoscale Meteorological Model (MM5) employed with observational nudging was used in both models. The two modeling systems, representing three chemical mechanisms and two sets of meteorological inputs, were evaluated in terms of statistical performance measures for both 1- and 8-h average observed ozone concentrations. The results showed that the different versions of the systems were more similar than different, and all versions performed well in the Portland region and downwind of Seattle but performed poorly in the more rural region north of Seattle. Improving the meteorological input into the CALGRID/CALMET system with planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameters from the Models-3/CMAG meteorology preprocessor (MCIP) improved the performance of the CALGRID/CALMET system. The 8-h ensemble case was often the best performer of all the cases indicating that the models perform better over longer analysis periods. The 1-h ensemble case, derived from all runs, was not necessarily an improvement over the five individual cases, but the standard deviation about the mean provided a measure of overall modeling uncertainty. Process analysis was applied to examine the contribution of the individual processes to the species conservation equation. The process analysis results indicated that the two modeling systems arrive at similar solutions by very different means. Transport rates are faster and exhibit greater fluctuations in the CMAQ. cases than in the CALGRID cases, which lead to different placement of the urban ozone plumes. The CALGRID cases, which rely on the SAPRC97 chemical mechanism, exhibited a greater diurnal production/loss cycle of ozone concentrations per hour compared to either the RADM2 or CBIV chemical mechanisms in the CMAQ cases. These results demonstrate the need for specialized process field measurements to confirm whether we are modeling ozone with valid processes.
机译：本研究旨在检查两个先进的光化学空气质量建模系统：EPA Models-3 / CMAQ和CALGRID / CALMET之间的异同。两种建模系统都应用于1996年7月11日至14日在华盛顿西部和俄勒冈州1-5城市走廊沿线发生的臭氧事件。这两种模型都采用相同的建模域，并使用相同的详细网格排放清单。使用CB-IV和RADM2化学机理运行CMAQ模型，而CALGRID与SAPRC-97化学机理同时使用。在这两个模型中均使用了中观测气象模型（MM5）的输出，该模型采用了观测裸结。这两个建模系统分别代表了三种化学机理和两组气象输入，并根据统计性能指标对平均1小时和8小时的臭氧浓度进行了评估。结果表明，系统的不同版本比不同版本更相似，并且所有版本在波特兰地区和西雅图顺风地区表现良好，但在西雅图以北的较农村地区表现较差。使用Models-3 / CMAG气象预处理器（MCIP）的行星边界层（PBL）参数改进对CALGRID / CALMET系统的气象输入，从而改善了CALGRID / CALMET系统的性能。 8小时合奏案例通常是所有案例中表现最好的，这表明模型在更长的分析时间内表现更好。从所有运行中得出的1小时合奏情况不一定比5个单独的情况有所改善，但均值的标准偏差提供了整体建模不确定性的度量。应用过程分析来检查各个过程对物种保护方程的贡献。过程分析结果表明，两个建模系统通过非常不同的方式得出相似的解决方案。运输速度更快，并且在CMAQ中表现出更大的波动。与CALGRID案例相比，这导致城市臭氧羽流的位置不同。与CMAQ案件中的RADM2或CBIV化学机制相比，依靠SAPRC97化学机制的CALGRID案件表现出更大的每小时臭氧浓度的昼夜生产/损失周期。这些结果表明需要进行专门的过程现场测量，以确认我们是否正在使用有效过程对臭氧进行建模。

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