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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, Boulder Creek, Colorado
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Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, Boulder Creek, Colorado

机译：Colorado在科罗拉多州博尔德克里克接受污水处理厂废水的地表水中的水稳定性

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In many surface waters, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent is a substantial source of both regulated and unregulated contaminants, including a suite of complex organic compounds derived from household chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and industrial and medical byproducts. In addition, STP effluents in some urban areas have also been shown to have a positive gadolinium (Gd) anomaly in the rare earth element (REE) pattern, with the Gd derived from its use in medical facilities. REE concentrations are relatively easy to measure compared to many organic wastewater compounds and may provide a more widely utilized tracer of STP effluents. To evaluate whether sewage treatment plant-associated Gd is a useful tracer of treatment plant effluent, an investigation of the occurrence, fate, and transport of rare earth elements was undertaken. The rare earth element patterns of four of five STP effluents sampled display positive Gd anomalies. The one site that did not have a Gd anomaly serves a small community, population 1200, with no medical facilities. Biosolids from a large metropolitan STP are not enriched in Gd even though the effluent is, suggesting that a substantial fraction of Gd remains in the aqueous phase through routine treatment plant operation. To evaluate whether STP-derived Gd persists in the fluvial environment, a 14-km study reach downstream of an STP was sampled. Gadolinium anomalies were present at all five downstream sites, but the magnitude of the anomaly decreased. Effluent from STPs is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic constituents, and to better understand the chemical interactions and their effect on REES, the aqueous speciation was modeled using comprehensive chemical analyses of water samples collected downstream of STP input. These calculations suggest that the REES will likely remain dissolved because phosphate and carbonate complexes dominate over free REE ions. This study supports the application of Gd anomalies as a useful tracer of urban wastewater.
机译：在许多地表水中，污水处理厂（STP）的废水是受控和不受控污染物的重要来源，包括一系列源自家用化学品，药物以及工业和医学副产品的复杂有机化合物。此外，还显示了某些城市地区的STP废水在稀土元素（REE）模式下具有正g（Gd）异常，其中Gd源自其在医疗设施中的使用。与许多有机废水化合物相比，REE浓度相对易于测量，并且可以提供更广泛使用的STP废水示踪剂。为了评估与污水处理厂相关的Gd是否是污水处理厂废水的有用示踪剂，对稀土元素的发生，结局和运输进行了调查。采样的5种STP废水中有4种的稀土元素模式显示出正的Gd异常。一个没有Gd异常的站点服务于一个人口为1200的小社区，没有医疗设施。即使污水流出，大都市STP的生物固体也不会富集Gd，这表明通过常规处理厂的运行，Gd的大部分仍保留在水相中。为了评估STP衍生的Gd是否在河流环境中持续存在，对14公里的STP下游研究样本进行了采样。在所有五个下游站点都存在sites异常，但异常的程度有所降低。 STP的流出物是有机和无机成分的复杂混合物，为了更好地理解化学相互作用及其对REES的影响，使用对STP输入下游收集的水样进行全面的化学分析来模拟水的形态。这些计算表明，REES可能保持溶解状态，因为磷酸盐和碳酸盐络合物比自由REE离子更重要。这项研究支持将Gd异常作为城市废水的有用示踪剂的应用。

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