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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Characterization and Fate of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Precursors in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Characterization and Fate of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Precursors in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

机译：N-亚硝基二甲胺前体在城市污水处理厂中的表征和去向

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摘要

The potent carcinogen, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), is produced during disinfection of municipal wastewater effluent from the reaction of monochloramine and organic nitrogen-containing precursors. To delineate the sources and fate of NDMA precursors during municipal wastewater treatment, NDMA formation was measured after extended chloramination of both model precursors and samples from conventional and advanced wastewater treatment plants. Of the model precursors, only dimethylamine, tertiary amines with dimethylamine functional groups, and dimethylamides formed significant NDMA concentrations upon chloramination. In samples from municipal wastewater treatment plants, dissolved NDMA precursors always were present in primary and secondary effluents. Biological treatment effectively removed the known NDMA precursor dimethylamine, lowering its concentration to levels that could not produce significant quantities of NDMA upon chlorine disinfection. However, biological treatment was less effective at removing other dissolved NDMA precursors, even after extended biological treatment. Significant concentrations of particle-associated NDMA precursors only were detected in secondary effluent at treatment plants that recycled water from sludge thickening operations in which dimethylamine-based synthetic polymers were used. Effective strategies for the prevention of NDMA formation during wastewater chlorination include ammonia removal by nitrification to preclude chloramine formation during chlorine disinfection, elimination of dimethylamine-based polymers, and use of filtration and reverse osmosis to remove particle-associated precursors and dissolved precursors, respectively.
机译：强大的致癌物质N-亚硝基二甲基胺（NDMA）是在消毒市政废水时产生的，一氯胺和有机含氮前驱物之间发生了反应。为了描述市政废水处理过程中NDMA前驱物的来源和结局，在对模型前驱物和常规和高级废水处理厂的样品进行了长时间氯化后，测量了NDMA的形成。在模型前体中，只有二甲胺，具有二甲胺官能团的叔胺和二甲酰胺在氯化时形成明显的NDMA浓度。在市政废水处理厂的样品中，主要和次要废水中始终存在溶解的NDMA前体。生物处理有效地去除了已知的NDMA前体二甲胺，将其浓度降低到氯消毒后无法产生大量NDMA的水平。但是，即使经过长时间的生物处理，生物处理在去除其他溶解的NDMA前体方面也不太有效。仅在处理厂的二次废水中检测到了与颗粒相关的NDMA前体的显着浓度，这些工厂从污泥浓缩操作（使用二甲胺基合成聚合物）中回收了水。预防废水氯化过程中NDMA形成的有效策略包括通过硝化作用去除氨气以防止在氯消毒过程中形成氯胺，消除基于二甲胺的聚合物以及使用过滤和反渗透法分别去除与颗粒相关的前体和溶解的前体。

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