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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Concentration and Distribution of Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) in Airborne Particuiate Matter an Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Concentration and Distribution of Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) in Airborne Particuiate Matter an Frankfurt am Main, Germany

机译：德国美因河畔法兰克福机载微粒中铂族元素（Pt，Pd，Rh）的浓度和分布

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摘要

The concentrations and distribution of platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) in airborne particulate matter were studied in a period of one year from August 2001 to July 2002 in urban and in nonurban areas. Airborne dust samples were collected as a total amount (particles with an aerodynamic diameter <22μm) and classified using an eight-stage Andersen impactor (<10μm)at three locations with different traffic density roads in the Frankfurt am Main and nonurban areas. Sampling at the three locations was performed simultaneously for total airborne dust and fractionated airborne dust. Pd was determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence after Hg coprecipitation. Pt and Rh were analyzed by adsorptive striping voltarnmetry after HPA digestion. The results show that the PGE concentrations in airborne samples depend on the traffic density. The highest PGE concentrations in air were found in the vicinity of major roads with heavy traffic, and the lowest ones were found in the nonurban area. The presence of PGE at the sampling station relatively free of traffic in a nonurban area hints to a transport of some of the emitted PGE from the city to this station by wind. At all three sampling locations, a heterogeneous distribution of the Pd, Pt, and Rh concentrations during the sampling year can be observed. The sum of PGE concentrations in total airborne dust is comparable with the sum of impactor samples. However, the concentration of Pt and Rh in total airborne dust (<22μm) is on average higher than in impactor samples (<10μm). On the contrary, Pd concentration is higher in impactor samples in most cases. The airborne PGE distribution is dominated by Pt, followed by Pd and Rh. The impactor samples are dominated by Pd, followed by Pt and Rh. This fact indicates that palladium occurs mainly in relatively fine airborne particles. The main fraction of PGE is found on average in particle sizes between 1.1 and 4.7 μm. Knowledge of the size distribution of particles containing PGE is important with respect to risk assessment of human inhalation.
机译：在2001年8月至2002年7月的一年中，研究了城市和非城市地区空气中颗粒物中铂族元素（Pt，Pd，Rh）的浓度和分布。收集空气中的尘埃样品总量（空气动力学直径<22μm的颗粒），并使用八级安徒生撞击器（<10μm）在美因河畔法兰克福和非城市地区交通密度不同的三个地点进行分类。同时在三个位置进行了采样，以进行总的空气传播粉尘和分级的空气传播粉尘。汞共沉淀后，通过全反射X射线荧光测定Pd。 HPA消化后，通过吸附溶出伏安法分析Pt和Rh。结果表明，机载样品中的PGE浓度取决于交通密度。在交通繁忙的主要道路附近，空气中的PGE浓度最高，而在非城市地区则最低。在非城市地区，采样站的PGE相对没有交通，这暗示着一些排放的PGE会通过风从城市运到该站。在所有三个采样位置，可以观察到采样年中Pd，Pt和Rh浓度的不均匀分布。空气中总尘埃中PGE浓度的总和与冲击器样品的总和相当。但是，总的空气传播粉尘（<22μm）中的Pt和Rh浓度平均高于撞击物样品（<10μm）。相反，在大多数情况下，撞击样品中的Pd浓度较高。机载PGE的分布主要是Pt，其次是Pd和Rh。撞击样品以Pd为主，其次是Pt和Rh。这一事实表明，钯主要存在于相对细小的空气传播颗粒中。发现PGE的主要部分平均粒径在1.1至4.7μm之间。对于人体吸入的风险评估，了解含有PGE的颗粒尺寸分布非常重要。

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