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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology >Solids retention time, influent antibiotic concentrations, and temperature as selective pressures for antibiotic resistance in activated sludge systems
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Solids retention time, influent antibiotic concentrations, and temperature as selective pressures for antibiotic resistance in activated sludge systems

机译：固体保留时间，进水抗生素浓度和温度作为活性污泥系统中抗生素耐药性的选择压力

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This study evaluated the occurrence and potential proliferation of antibiotic resistance during biological wastewater treatment as a function of solids retention time (SRT), influent antibiotic concentrations, and temperature. Two phases of experiments were performed in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with primary effluent from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Phase 1 evaluated SRTs of 2, 7, and 20 days with ambient antibiotic concentrations, and phase 2 evaluated a constant SRT of 7 days with influent antibiotic concentrations of 1x, 10x, and 100x relative to ambient levels. Ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, and vancomycin resistance were evaluated among Gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) using spread plate and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The laboratory-scale data demonstrated that biological treatment, in addition to longer SRTs, higher influent antibiotic concentrations, and higher temperatures, often resulted in greater relative prevalence of antibiotic resistance (up to 35% of the target population), and antibiotic resistant isolates were generally resistant to antibiotic concentrations 32 times higher than their baseline MICs. Some of these relationships were antibiotic-specific, with SRT having no significant impact on tetracycline resistance, influent antibiotic concentration having no significant impact on sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance, and temperature having no significant impact on vancomycin resistance.
机译：这项研究评估了生物废水处理过程中抗生素抗性的发生和潜在扩散，其与固体保留时间（SRT），进水抗生素浓度和温度的关系。在实验室规模的分批反应器（SBR）中进行了两个阶段的实验，这些反应器供有大型废水处理厂的主要废水。第1阶段使用环境抗生素浓度评估了2、7和20天的SRT，第2阶段评估了相对于环境水平的进水抗生素浓度分别为1x，10x和100x的7天的恒定SRT。使用扩展板和最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分析法对革兰氏阳性球菌（葡萄球菌和链球菌）中的氨苄青霉素，磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶，四环素和万古霉素耐药性进行了评估。实验室规模的数据表明，除了更长的SRT，更高的进水抗生素浓度和更高的温度外，生物处理通常还导致相对较高的抗生素耐药率（达目标人群的35％），并且耐药菌是通常对抗生素浓度的抵抗力比其基线MIC高32倍。这些关系中的一些是抗生素特异性的，SRT对四环素抗性没有显着影响，进水抗生素浓度对磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶抗性没有显着影响，温度对万古霉素抗性没有显着影响。

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    Neyestani Majid; Dickenson Eric; McLain Jean; Obergh Victoria; Quinones Oscar; Rock Channah; Gerrity Daniel;

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    Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Construct, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,Box 454015, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA|Greeley & Hansen Engineers, 1120 N Town Ctr Dr,Suite 120, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA;

    Southern Nevada Water Author, Appl Res & Dev Ctr, 1299 Burkholder Blvd, Henderson, NV 89015 USA;

    Univ Arizona, Water Resources Res Ctr, 350 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA;

    Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 1177 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA;

    Southern Nevada Water Author, Appl Res & Dev Ctr, 1299 Burkholder Blvd, Henderson, NV 89015 USA;

    Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 1177 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA;

    Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Construct, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,Box 454015, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA;

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