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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >IMPACT OF AN INSECTICIDE CHANGES WITH AMOUNT OF LEAF LITTER INPUT:IMPLICATIONS FOR AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS
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IMPACT OF AN INSECTICIDE CHANGES WITH AMOUNT OF LEAF LITTER INPUT:IMPLICATIONS FOR AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS

机译：大量叶凋落物对杀虫剂变化的影响：对两栖动物的影响

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Changes in percentage of forest cover can influence nutrient levels in aquatic systems and change abiotic conditions that may influence species. The authors examined how increasing amounts of leaf litter influenced toxicity of the insecticide carbaryl using larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) in outdoor mesocosm ponds. Insecticides can have direct negative effects on individual physiology and behavior and indirect effects on the food web, which can result in trophic cascades. They predicted that direct effects of the insecticide would dominate when nutrients were low (resulting in negative impacts on amphibian development and survival), whereas indirect effects could offset direct effects when nutrients were more abundant through a trophic cascade that leads to more food for tadpoles (resulting in positive effects on amphibian development and survival). The authors found support for this hypothesis: first, total green frog survival was greatest with increased leaf litter input in the presence of carbaryl. Additionally, most green frogs that reached metamorphosis were from ponds with high leaf litter input and carbaryl. Second, the impact of carbaryl on developmental stage and tadpole mass varied depending on the amount of leaf litter present. With high amounts of leaf litter, carbaryl had a positive impact on development and growth; in contrast, with low amounts of leaf litter, carbaryl had negative or no effects on tadpole development and mass. The present study suggests that differences in nutrient levels between ponds exposed to pesticides could play a role in amphibian population dynamics.
机译：森林覆盖率的变化会影响水生系统的营养水平，并改变可能影响物种的非生物条件。作者研究了在室外中观池塘中使用幼虫绿蛙（Rana clamitans）增加的叶子凋落物如何影响杀虫剂西维因的毒性。杀虫剂可能对个体的生理和行为产生直接的负面影响，对食物网产生间接的影响，这可能导致营养级联反应。他们预测说，当养分含量低时，杀虫剂的直接作用将占主导地位（对两栖动物的发育和生存造成负面影响），而当营养物通过营养级联增加从而导致更多的t食物时，养分含量更高时，间接作用可以抵消直接作用（对两栖动物的发育和生存产生积极影响）。作者发现了这一假设的支持：首先，在西维因存在的情况下，随着增加的凋落物输入，总的绿蛙存活率最大。此外，大多数达到变态的绿蛙来自具有高叶凋落物和西维因的池塘。其次，西维因对发育阶段和t质量的影响取决于存在的叶片凋落物的数量。大量的凋落物，西维因对生长发育有积极的影响。相反，在叶片凋落物少的情况下，西维因对t的发育和质量没有负面影响或没有影响。本研究表明，暴露于农药的池塘之间养分水平的差异可能在两栖动物种群动态中起作用。

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