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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >GROWTH, ABNORMALITIES, AND MORTALITY OF TADPOLES OF AMERICAN TOAD EXPOSED TO COMBINATIONS OF MALATHION AND NITRATE
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GROWTH, ABNORMALITIES, AND MORTALITY OF TADPOLES OF AMERICAN TOAD EXPOSED TO COMBINATIONS OF MALATHION AND NITRATE

机译：马拉硫磷和硝酸盐结合导致的美洲蟾蜍的触角的生长，异常和死亡率

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摘要

American toad tadpoles (Bufo americanus) were exposed to malathion and nitrate in a fully factorial experiment that crossed four concentrations of malathion ranging between 0 and 1,000 μg malathion/L, and five concentrations of nitrate ranging from 0 to 16 mg NO_3-N/L to identify single and interactive effects. In this 21-d experiment, we recorded tadpole length, mass, survivorship, and frequencies of diamond-shaped and stiff-tail abnormalities. Malathion increased frequency of diamond-shaped and stiff-tail abnormalities, and negatively affected survivorship, but did not affect tadpole size. Nitrate did not affect survivorship but did have sublethal effects, including effects on tadpole length and the frequency of both abnormalities. The interaction of malathion and nitrate has no effect on survivorship or tadpole size but did affect the frequency of abnormalities, with nitrate reducing malathion's effect. Results of the present study suggest that at the environmentally realistic concentrations used in our experiment, malathion has both lethal and sublethal effects, but nitrate had only sublethal effects on American toad tadpoles. The combination of malathion and nitrate had limited effects at the tested concentrations under laboratory conditions. However, the effect of the combined treatments on the frequency of tadpole developmental abnormalities suggests that such interactions may play a role under field conditions, in which pesticide and nitrate fertilizers are typically applied simultaneously.
机译：美国蟾蜍t（Bufo americanus）在完全析因实验中暴露于马拉硫磷和硝酸盐中，跨过4种浓度的马拉硫磷，介于0至1,000μg马拉硫磷/ L之间，五种硝酸盐的浓度范围从0至16 mg NO_3-N / L识别单一和互动效果。在这个21天的实验中，我们记录了length的长度，质量，存活率以及菱形和硬尾异常的频率。马拉硫磷增加了菱形和硬尾畸形的发生率，并对生存率产生了负面影响，但并未影响t的大小。硝酸盐不影响存活率，但确实具有亚致死作用，包括对t长度和两种异常发生频率的影响。马拉硫磷与硝酸盐的相互作用对存活率或t大小没有影响，但确实影响异常发生的频率，硝酸盐降低了马拉硫磷的作用。本研究的结果表明，在我们的实验中使用的现实环境浓度下，马拉硫磷具有致命和亚致死作用，而硝酸盐对美洲蟾蜍只具有亚致死作用。在实验室条件下，马拉硫磷和硝酸盐的组合在测试浓度下效果有限。但是，联合处理对of发育异常的频率的影响表明，这种相互作用可能在田间条件下起作用，在田间条件下通常同时施用农药和硝酸盐肥料。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental toxicology and chemistry》 |2010年第12期|p.2777-2782|共6页
  • 作者

    Sannanegunda V. Krishnamurthy; Geoffrey R. Smith;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, USA,Department of Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India;

    Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    amphibia; pesticide; nitrate; anaxyrus (bufo) americanus;

    机译：两栖动物农药;硝酸盐美洲无脊椎动物;

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