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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS OF NICOTINE RELEASED DURING CIGARETTE PRODUCTION
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ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS OF NICOTINE RELEASED DURING CIGARETTE PRODUCTION

机译：卷烟生产过程中烟碱释放的环境命运和影响

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A variety of test methods were used to study the gradation, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of nicotine. Studies included determination of the octanol-water partition coefficient, conversion to CO_2 in soil and activated sludge, and evaluation of the effects on microbiological and algal inhibition as well as plant germination and root elongation. The partitioning of nicotine between octanol and water indicated that nicotine will not bioaccumulate regardless of the pH of the medium. The aqueous and soil-based biodegradation studies indicated that nicotine is readily biodegradable in both types of media. The microbiological inhibition and aquatic and terrestrial toxicity tests indicated that nicotine has low toxicity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity Profiler model, based on the structure of nicotine and the predictive rates of hydroxyl radical and ozone reactions, estimated an atmospheric half-life of less than 5.0 h. Using this value in the Canadian Environmental Modeling Center level III model, the half-life of nicotine was estimated as 3.0 d in water and 0.5 d in soil. This model also estimated nicotine discharge into the environment; nicotine would be expected to be found predominantly in water (93%), followed by soil (4%), air (3%), and sediment (0.4%). Using the estimated nicotine concentrations in water, soil, and sediment and the proper median effective concentrations derived from the algal growth, biomass inhibition, and buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination and root elongation studies, hazard quotients of between 10~(-7) and 10~(-8) were calculated, providing further support for the conclusion that the potential for nicotine toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial species in the environment is extremely low.
机译：各种测试方法用于研究尼古丁的含量，生物蓄积性和毒性。研究包括确定辛醇-水分配系数，在土壤和活性污泥中转化为CO_2以及评估其对微生物和藻类抑制作用以及植物发芽和根系伸长的影响。尼古丁在辛醇和水之间的分配表明，无论培养基的pH值如何，尼古丁都不会生物积累。基于水和土壤的生物降解研究表明，尼古丁在两种类型的介质中均易于生物降解。微生物抑制以及水生和陆生毒性试验表明，尼古丁具有低毒性。美国环境保护署的持久性，生物蓄积性和毒性分析器模型基于尼古丁的结构以及羟基自由基和臭氧反应的预测速率，估计大气半衰期少于5.0小时。使用加拿大环境建模中心III级模型中的该值，估计尼古丁的半衰期在水中为3.0 d，在土壤中为0.5 d。该模型还估算了尼古丁向环境的排放量。尼古丁预计主要存在于水中（93％），其次是土壤（4％），空气（3％）和沉积物（0.4％）。使用估计的水，土壤和沉积物中的尼古丁浓度，以及从藻类生长，生物量抑制和奶油莴苣（Lactuca sativa）种子萌发和根系伸长研究得出的适当中值有效浓度，危险商为10〜（-7） ）和10〜（-8）的计算，为以下结论提供了进一步的支持：烟碱对环境中的水生和陆生物种的潜在毒性极低。

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