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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >ENHANCED ESTERASE ACTIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO AZINPHOSMETHYL IN TARGET AND NONTARGET ORGANISMS
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ENHANCED ESTERASE ACTIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO AZINPHOSMETHYL IN TARGET AND NONTARGET ORGANISMS

机译：目标和非目标生物中增强的酯酶活性和对氨氮甲基化的抗性

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摘要

The organophosphorous compound azinphosmethyl (AzMe) is applied extensively in northern Patagonia (southern Argentina) to manage codling moths (Cydia pomonella). This area is irrigated by fast-flowing channels that provide a favorable habitat for many species, including amphipods (Hyalella curvispina) and a field-mixed population of black flies (Simulium bon-aerense, Simulium wolffhuegeli, and Simulium nigristrigatum). In the present study, AzMe susceptibility and carboxylesterase (CarbE) activity from both insecticide-exposed and nonexposed field populations were studied. The median lethal dose determined in codling moths from an insecticide-treated orchard was significantly higher (3.48 μg/insect) than that observed in those from an untreated orchard (0.69 μg/insect). Similarly, the median lethal concentration (LC50) determined in black flies collected from the treated area (0.021 mg/L) was significantly higher than that recorded in those from the untreated site (0.01 1 mg/L). For amphipods, both a subpopulation susceptible to AzMe (LC50, 1.83 μg/L) and a resistant one (LC50, 390 μg/L) were found in the treated area. Both subpopulations were more resistant to AzMe than the population from the untreated site (LC50, 0.43 μg/L). Significant differences (p < 0.001) in CarbE activities were observed between populations from pesticide-treated and untreated areas. Mean activities ± standard deviation from treated and untreated sites were 0.21 ± 0.16 and 0.016 ± 0.008 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for codling moths; 2.17 ± 1.71 and 0.81 ± 0.35 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for black flies; and 0.27 ± 0.10 and 0.14 ± 0.07 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for amphipods. The results suggest that enhanced CarbE activity is one of the mechanisms that provide AzMe resistance in H. curvispina, Simulium spp., and C. pomonella populations from the insecticide-treated areas.
机译：有机磷化合物谷硫磷（AzMe）在巴塔哥尼亚北部（阿根廷南部）得到广泛应用，以管理co蛾（Cydia pomonella）。该地区被快速流动的渠道灌溉，为许多物种（包括两栖类动物（Hyalella curvispina）和野外混交的黑蝇（Simulium bon-aerense，Simulium wolffhuegeli和Simulium nigristrigatum）提供了有利的栖息地。在本研究中，研究了暴露于杀虫剂和未暴露田间种群的AzMe敏感性和羧酸酯酶（CarbE）活性。在经过杀虫剂处理过的果园的苹果d蛾中测定的中位致死剂量比未处理过的果园中的果蝇的平均致死剂量（3.49μg/只）显着更高。同样，从处理区收集的黑蝇中测得的中位致死浓度（LC50）（0.021 mg / L）显着高于未处理位点中记录的致死浓度（0.01 1 mg / L）。对于两栖动物，在治疗区域中发现了对AzMe敏感的亚群（LC50，1.83μg/ L）和耐药的亚群（LC50，390μg/ L）。与未处理位点的种群相比，两个亚群对AzMe的抵抗力均更高（LC50，0.43μg/ L）。在经过农药处理和未经处理的地区之间，人们发现CarbE活性存在显着差异（p <0.001）。 co蛾的平均活性±标准差分别为0.21±0.16和0.016±0.008μmol/ min / mg。黑蝇的蛋白质分别为2.17±1.71和0.81±0.35μmol/ min / mg;两栖动物分别为0.27±0.10和0.14±0.07μmol/ min / mg蛋白。结果表明，CarbE活性增强是在杀虫剂处理过的地区的H. curvispina，Simulium spp。和C. pomonella种群中提供AzMe抗性的机制之一。

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