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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Toward an Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Microplastics: Comparison of Available Hazard and Exposure Data in Freshwaters
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Toward an Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Microplastics: Comparison of Available Hazard and Exposure Data in Freshwaters

机译：进行微塑料的生态毒理学风险评估：淡水中可用危害和暴露数据的比较

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Microplastics have been detected in freshwaters all over the world in almost all samples, and ecotoxicological studies have shown adverse effects of microplastics on organisms. However, no risk assessment of microplastics has been performed specifically in freshwater so far. The aim of the present study was therefore to review all exposure and ecotoxicity data available for microplastics in freshwaters and to perform a preliminary probabilistic risk assessment. The exposure probability distribution was based on 391 concentrations measured in Asia, Europe, and North America. Because exposure data are mainly available in particle number-based metrics but results from hazard studies are mostly mass-based, the hazard results were converted into particle number concentrations. A statistical analysis of the hazard data showed that there was no significant influence of particle shape or type of polymer on the no-observed-effect concentration. The predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC) was calculated as the fifth percentile of the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution, based on 53 values from 14 freshwater species, to have a mode of 7.4 x 10(5) particles center dot m(-3) (25th and 75th quantiles of 6.1 x 10(5) and 1.3 x 10(6) particles center dot m(-3), respectively). The exposure probability distribution was divided by the PNEC probability distribution to calculate risk characterization ratios (RCRs), with modes of 1.3 x 10(-6) in North America, 3.3 x 10(-6) in Europe, and 4.6 x 10(-3) in Asia. Probability distributions associated with the RCRs showed that ecological risks cannot be entirely excluded in Asia, where 0.4% of the RCR values were above 1. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:436-447. (c) 2018 SETAC
机译：在全世界几乎所有样本的淡水中都检测到了微塑料，生态毒理学研究表明微塑料对生物体有不利影响。但是，到目前为止，尚未专门针对淡水进行微塑料的风险评估。因此，本研究的目的是审查淡水中微塑料的所有暴露和生态毒性数据，并进行初步的概率风险评估。暴露概率分布基于在亚洲，欧洲和北美测得的391种浓度。由于暴露数据主要以基于颗粒数的指标提供，但危害研究的结果大部分基于质量，因此将危害结果转换为颗粒数浓度。危害数据的统计分析表明，颗粒形状或聚合物类型对未观察到的影响浓度没有显着影响。基于14种淡水物种的53个值，预测无效应浓度（PNEC）被计算为概率物种敏感性分布的第五个百分位数，其模式为7.4 x 10（5）粒子中心点m（-3 ）（分别是6.1 x 10（5）和1.3 x 10（6）粒子的第25个和第75个分位数的中心点m（-3））。暴露概率分布除以PNEC概率分布以计算风险表征率（RCR），在北美为1.3 x 10（-6），在欧洲为3.3 x 10（-6）和4.6 x 10（-） 3）在亚洲。与RCR相关的概率分布表明，亚洲的RCR值中有0.4％高于1.不能完全排除生态风险.Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38：436-447。 （c）2018年SETAC

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