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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >ACCUMULATION AND TRANSFER OF CONTAMINANTS IN KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) FROM NORWAY: INDICATIONS FOR CONTAMINANT METABOLISM
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ACCUMULATION AND TRANSFER OF CONTAMINANTS IN KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) FROM NORWAY: INDICATIONS FOR CONTAMINANT METABOLISM

机译：来自挪威的杀手鲸（Orcinus orca）中污染物的积累和转移：污染物代谢的指征

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摘要

Blubber tissue of one subadult and eight male adult killer whales was sampled in Northern Norway in order to assess the degree and type of contaminant exposure and transfer in the herring-killer whale link of the marine food web. A comprehensive selection of contaminants was targeted, with special attention to toxaphenes and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In addition to assessing exposure and food chain transfer, selective accumulation and metabolism issues also were addressed. Average total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and pesticide levels were similar, approximately 25 μg/g lipid, and PBDEs were approximately 0.5 μg/g. This makes killer whales one of the most polluted arctic animals, with levels exceeding those in polar bears. Comparing the contamination of the killer whale's diet with the diet of high-arctic species such as white whales reveals six to more than 20 times higher levels in the killer whale diet. The difference in contaminant pattern between killer whales and their prey and the metabolic index calculated suggested that these cetaceans have a relatively high capacity to metabolize contaminants. Polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordanes, and dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE) accumulate to some degree in killer whales, although toxaphenes and PBDEs might be partly broken down.
机译：在挪威北部对一只亚成年雄性和八只成年雄性虎鲸的擦拭组织进行了采样，以评估海洋食物网中鲱鱼-虎鲸链接中污染物暴露和转移的程度和类型。目标是全面选择污染物，尤其要注意毒杀芬和多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）。除了评估暴露和食物链转移外，还解决了选择性积累和代谢问题。平均总多氯联苯（PCB）和农药水平相似，脂质约为25μg/ g，多溴二苯醚约为0.5μg/ g。这使虎鲸成为北极污染最严重的动物之一，其含量超过了北极熊。将虎鲸的饮食污染与高极性物种（如白鲸）的饮食进行比较，发现虎鲸饮食中的含量高出六至二十倍。虎鲸与它们的猎物之间的污染物分布方式的差异以及所计算的代谢指数表明，这些鲸类具有较高的代谢污染物的能力。多氯联苯，氯丹和二氯二苯基二氯乙烯（DDE）在虎鲸中积累了一定程度，尽管可能会部分分解毒杀芬和PBDEs。

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