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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LEAD TO THREE FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES—BRACHIONUS CALYCIFLORUS, CHIRONOMUS TENTANS, AND LYMNAEA STAGNALIS
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CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LEAD TO THREE FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES—BRACHIONUS CALYCIFLORUS, CHIRONOMUS TENTANS, AND LYMNAEA STAGNALIS

机译：铅对三种淡水无脊椎动物的慢性毒性：花椰菜花椰菜，滕氏无花果和小枝无尾藻

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Chronic lead (Pb) toxicity tests with Brachionus calyciflorus, Chironomus tentans, and Lymnaea stagnalis were performed in artificial freshwaters. The no-observable-effect concentration (NOEC), lowest-observable-effect concentration (LOEC), and calculated 20% effect concentration (EC20) for the rotifer B. calyciflorus were 194, 284, and 125 μg dissolved Pb/L, respectively. The midge C. tentans was less sensitive, with NOEC and LOEC of 109 and 497 μg dissolved Pb/L, respectively, and the snail L. stagnalis exhibited extreme sensitivity, evident by NOEC, LOEC, and EC20 of 1 2, 16, and <4 μg dissolved Pb/L, respectively. Our findings are presented in the context of other reports on chronic Pb toxicity in freshwater organisms. The L. stagnalis results are in agreement with a previous report on pulmonate snails and should be viewed in the context of current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness adjusted water quality criteria of 8 μg Pb/L. The present findings and earlier reports indicate that freshwater pulmonate snails may not be protected by current regulatory standards. Measurements of whole-snail Na~+ and Ca~(2+) concentrations following chronic Pb exposure revealed that Na~+ homeostasis is disturbed by Pb exposure in juvenile snails in a complicated pattern, suggesting two physiological modes of action depending on the Pb exposure concentration. Substantially reduced growth in the snails that exhibit very high Ca~(2+) requirements may be related to reduced Ca~(2+) uptake and thereby reduced shell formation.
机译：在人工淡水中用花椰菜Brachionus calyciflorus，Chironomus tentans和Lymnaea stagnalis进行了慢性铅（Pb）毒性测试。轮虫B. calyciflorus的无可观察到的浓度（NOEC），最低可观察到的浓度（LOEC）和计算的20％效应浓度（EC20）分别为194、284和125μg溶解Pb / L。 。 ge蚊的敏感度较低，溶解的Pb / L的NOEC和LOEC分别为109和497μg，蜗牛的葡萄球菌显示出极高的敏感性，NOEC，LOEC和EC20分别为1、2、16和分别<4μg溶解的Pb / L。我们在其他有关淡水生物中慢性Pb毒性的报告的背景下介绍了我们的发现。葡萄球菌的结果与先前有关肺蜗牛的报告一致，应在美国环境保护署（U.S. EPA）现行硬度调整水质标准为8μgPb / L的情况下进行观察。目前的发现和较早的报道表明，淡水肺蜗牛未经现行监管标准保护。慢性Pb暴露后对全蜗牛Na〜+和Ca〜（2+）浓度的测量结果表明，少年蜗牛体内Pb暴露会扰乱Na〜+稳态，这表明Pb暴露有两种生理作用方式。浓度。表现出非常高的Ca〜（2+）需求的蜗牛生长显着减少可能与Ca〜（2+）吸收减少有关，从而减少了壳的形成。

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