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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Enhancing the attenuation of explosives in surface soils at military facilities: combined sorption and biodegradation.
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Enhancing the attenuation of explosives in surface soils at military facilities: combined sorption and biodegradation.

机译：增强军事设施表层土壤中炸药的衰减：吸附和生物降解相结合。

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This research evaluated soil amendments designed to enhance the adsorption and biodegradation of explosives at military training facilities, thus minimizing their potential for transport to subsurface environments. Several carbon cosubstrates were tested in soil slurries for their ability to stimulate the biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition exposive [RDX]), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (high-melting explosive [HMX]) by indigenous soil microorganisms. Crude soybean oil and molasses stimulated mineralization of RDX (30-40%) and HMX (approximately 10%). The TNT was not significantly mineralized in any of the treatments, but high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated extensive transformation of TNT to amino-containing compounds. The biodegradation of explosives was then examined in unsaturated soil microcosms amended with crude soybean oil and molasses combined with sphagnum peat moss and sawdust. Minimal TNT mineralization was observed, and HMX mineralization was only observed with molasses addition. In contrast, RDX mineralization was extensive in microcosms amended with soybean oil or molasses. The presence of peat moss decreased soybean oil-stimulated RDX mineralization by approximately 5%, but resulted in about 5% greater RDX mineralization compared with molasses only. Sawdust markedly decreased mineralization regardless of cosubstrate type. Mass balance results indicated that the formation of bound residues likely was occurring, especially for TNT. These results indicate that the application of inexpensive adsorbents and cosubstrates to soils may significantly improve the protection of groundwater resources underlying live fire ranges.
机译：这项研究评估了土壤改良剂，这些改良剂旨在增强爆炸物在军事训练设施中的吸附和生物降解，从而最大程度地减少了爆炸物向地下环境运输的可能性。在土壤浆料中测试了几种碳共底物的刺激2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT），六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪的生物降解能力（皇家爆破性[RDX ]），以及本地土壤微生物产生的八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四唑嗪（高熔点炸药[HMX]）。粗制大豆油和糖蜜刺激了RDX（30-40％）和HMX（约10％）的矿化。 TNT在任何处理中均未显着矿化，但是高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析表明TNT已广泛转化为含氨基化合物。然后在用大豆粗油和糖蜜，泥炭藓和锯末结合的不饱和土壤微观环境中检查炸药的生物降解。观察到最小的TNT矿化，并且仅在添加糖蜜的情况下观察到HMX矿化。相比之下，RDX矿化在用大豆油或糖蜜修正的微观世界中广泛存在。泥炭藓的存在使大豆油刺激的RDX矿化作用降低了约5％，但与仅糖蜜相比，RDX矿化作用提高了约5％。木屑明显减少了矿化作用，而与共底物类型无关。质量平衡结果表明可能发生结合残基的形成，尤其是对于TNT。这些结果表明，在土壤上使用廉价的吸附剂和共基质可以显着改善对火场范围内的地下水资源的保护。

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