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STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO STUDYING PESTICIDE SIDE-EFFECTS ON SPECIFIC SOIL FUNCTIONS

机译:研究农药对特定土壤功能的副作用的结构和功能方法

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The microbial communities in the soil are responsible for material cycling and thus also for maintaining the fertility of agricultural soils. In order to assess pesticide side effects on the soil processes, detailed knowledge is required about the structure and function of the soil microflora. Therefore, the degradation and humification of ~(14)C-labeled maize straw was studied in process-oriented microcosms. Apart from a native orthic luvisol, a heat-treated soil was used that has been freed from organic carbon by incineration at 600℃. Microbial communities involved in the turnover of the crop residues were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA sequences. Both ~(13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were used to analyze humic acids produced in the microcosms. To evaluate the sensitivity of the microcosms, the influence of the fungicide dithianon was used in a case study at a concentration of 50 nig/kg. Microbial activity was reduced because of the application of the pesticide, especially in the native soils, while mineralization of ~(14)C-labeled maize straw was only slightly affected. The buildup of fungal biomass was inhibited for at least three weeks. Despite these effects on the microbial communities, no significant differences in the humification products after 26 weeks of incubation were observed.
机译:土壤中的微生物群落负责物质循环并因此也维持农业土壤的肥力。为了评估农药对土壤过程的副作用,需要有关土壤微生物区系的结构和功能的详细知识。因此,在面向过程的微观世界中研究了〜(14)C标记的玉米秸秆的降解和腐殖化。除了天然的矫形卢维索外,还使用了经过热处理的土壤,该土壤在600℃下进行焚烧而不含有机碳。使用16S rDNA序列的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),研究了涉及农作物残渣周转的微生物群落。 〜(13)C-核磁共振(NMR)光谱和凝胶渗透色谱法均用于分析在微观世界中产生的腐殖酸。为了评估微观世界的敏感性,在案例研究中以浓度为50 nig / kg的情况使用了杀真菌剂二噻酮的影响。由于施用了农药,微生物活性降低了,特别是在原生土壤中,而〜(14)C标记的玉米秸秆的矿化仅受到了轻微影响。真菌生物质的积累被抑制了至少三周。尽管对微生物群落有这些影响,但在温育26周后,未观察到腐殖化产物的显着差异。

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