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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >IN VIVO AND IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF THE ANDROGENIC POTENTIAL OF A PULP AND PAPER MILL EFFLUENT
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IN VIVO AND IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF THE ANDROGENIC POTENTIAL OF A PULP AND PAPER MILL EFFLUENT

机译：纸浆和造纸厂废水中雄激素潜力的体内和体外评估

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摘要

The androgenic potential of a New Zealand pulp and paper mill effluent was measured by applying a combination of in vitro and in vivo bioassays with mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). The in vivo method assessed the rate of gonopodial development (masculinization) and alterations from normal reproductive behavior in adult female mosquitofish exposed for 21 d to untreated or secondary-treated pulp mill effluent. A second in vivo mosquitofish exposure tested the effect of glass-fiber (type C) filtration of secondary-treated effluent on rates of expression of the same endpoints. Extractable organics analyses of effluents and extracts thereof were conducted. Mosquitofish demonstrated significant masculinization on exposure to either treated or untreated effluent; the frequency of gonopodial development was reduced with effluent secondary-treatment. Male mating behavior was observed in the masculinized adult females. Glass-fiber (type F) filtration of the treated effluent eliminated the masculinizing effect, suggesting that the bioactive compounds were associated with the suspended solids. The in vitro method measured the binding of compounds within a treated thermomechanical/bleached kraft effluent extract to androgen receptors contained in goldfish testis cytosol. Exposure to extracts of either the paniculate (glass-fiber filtered) or the dissolved organic fraction of the effluent produced significant binding (as indicated by the displacement of radiolabeled testosterone) to the androgen receptor in goldfish gonadal tissue. Thus, the dissolved organics extract of the treated effluent contained compounds androgenic to goldfish in vitro but not to mosquitofish in vivo. The combined in vitro and in vivo data suggest that the effluent in question could exert effects on the reproductive physiology of fishes through an androgenic mechanism. The androgenic compounds androstenedione and testosterone were not detected in the extracts used for the in vitro component of this study.
机译：新西兰制浆造纸厂废水的雄激素潜力是通过将体外和体内生物测定与蚊子鱼（Gambusia affinis）和金鱼（Car鱼）结合使用来测定的。体内方法评估了暴露于未经处理或经二级处理的制浆厂出水21 d的成年雌性蚊鱼的生殖生殖速度（男性化）和正常生殖行为的变化。第二次体内蚊虫暴露测试了二级处理废水的玻璃纤维（C型）过滤对相同终点表达率的影响。进行废水及其提取物的可萃取有机物分析。蚊虫在暴露于处理过的或未处理的污水中均表现出明显的男性化。废水二次处理可减少性腺发育的频率。在男性化成年雌性中观察到雄性交配行为。玻璃纤维（F型）过滤处理后的废水消除了男性化作用，表明生物活性化合物与悬浮固体有关。体外方法测量了处理过的热机械/漂白牛皮纸废水提取物中的化合物与金鱼睾丸细胞质中所含雄激素受体的结合。暴露于颗粒状（经玻璃纤维过滤）或流出物中溶解的有机部分的提取物，会与金鱼性腺组织中的雄激素受体产生显着结合（如放射性标记的睾丸激素的置换所示）。因此，经处理的流出物的溶解的有机物提取物包含体外对金鱼呈雄性而不在体内对蚊子呈雄性的化合物。体内和体外的综合数据表明，所讨论的废水可通过雄激素机制对鱼类的生殖生理产生影响。在用于本研究的体外成分的提取物中未检测到雄激素化合物雄烯二酮和睾丸激素。

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