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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental toxicology and chemistry >Effects of Sediment Resuspension on the Oxidation of Acid-Volatile Sulfides and Release of Metals (Iron, Manganese, Zinc) in Pescadero Estuary (CA, USA)
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Effects of Sediment Resuspension on the Oxidation of Acid-Volatile Sulfides and Release of Metals (Iron, Manganese, Zinc) in Pescadero Estuary (CA, USA)

机译：泥沙重悬对佩斯卡德罗河口（美国加利福尼亚州）酸挥发性硫化物的氧化和金属（铁，锰，锌）释放的影响

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Bar-built estuaries are unique ecosystems characterized by the presence of a sandbar barrier, which separates the estuary from the ocean for extended periods and can naturally reopen to the ocean with heavy rainfall and freshwater inflows. The physical effects associated with the transition from closed to open state, specifically water mixing and sediment resuspension, often indirectly worsen water quality conditions and are suspected to drive near-annual fish kills at the Pescadero estuary in northern California. The effects of sediment acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) oxidation, specifically oxygen depletion, acidification, and metal release, are believed to aggravate water conditions for fish but remain poorly understood. We performed slurry incubations containing sediment from 4 sites in the Pescadero estuary, representing a gradient from the Pacific Ocean to freshwater tributaries. We measured near-maximum rates of aqueous hydrogen sulfide oxidation, sediment AVS oxidation, sulfate production, and acidification, as well as near-maximum release rates of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) to the water column. We estimated AVS oxidation rates of 8 to 21 mmol S kg(-1) d(-1), which were 3 orders of magnitude higher than aqueous hydrogen sulfide oxidation rates, 6 to 26 mu mol S kg(-1) d(-1). We suggest that aqueous hydrogen sulfide cannot be responsible for the observed kills because of low concentrations and minimal oxidative effects on pH and metal concentrations. However, the oxidative effects of AVS are potentially severe, decreasing pH to strongly acidic levels and releasing aqueous Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations up to 11.2mM, 0.46mM, and 88 mu M, respectively, indicating a potential role in worsening water conditions for fish in the Pescadero estuary. (C) 2017 SETAC
机译：酒吧式河口是独特的生态系统，其特征是存在沙洲屏障，该沙洲屏障将河口与海洋分隔开很长一段时间，并且自然会因大量降雨和淡水流入而重新向海洋开放。从封闭状态到开放状态的转换所带来的物理影响，特别是水的混合和沉积物的再悬浮，通常间接地使水质状况恶化，并被怀疑会导致加利福尼亚北部佩斯卡德罗河口近乎每年的鱼类死亡。人们认为，沉积物酸挥发性硫化物（AVS）氧化的影响，特别是耗氧，酸化和金属释放的影响，会加重鱼类的水质状况，但人们对此知之甚少。我们进行了含有来自Pescadero河口4个地点的沉积物的泥浆培养，代表了从太平洋到淡水支流的梯度。我们测量了硫化氢水溶液氧化，沉积物AVS氧化，硫酸盐生成和酸化的接近最大速率，以及铁（Fe），锰（Mn）和锌（Zn）向水柱的接近最大释放速率。 。我们估计的AVS氧化速率为8至21 mmol S kg（-1）d（-1），比硫化氢水溶液的6至26μmol S kg（-1）d（-）高3个数量级。 1）。我们建议，由于浓度低且对pH值和金属浓度的氧化作用最小，硫化氢水溶液不能引起观察到的杀灭。但是，AVS的氧化作用可能很严重，将pH降低到强酸性水平，并释放出分别高达11.2mM，0.46mM和88μM的含水Fe，Mn和Zn浓度，这表明在恶化水质状况中可能发挥作用在佩斯卡德罗河口钓鱼。 （C）2017年SETAC

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