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A case study of co-ordinative decision-making in disaster management.

机译：灾害管理中协调决策的案例研究。

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A persistent problem in the management of response to disasters is the lack of co-ordination between the various agencies involved. This paper reports a case study of inter-agency co-ordination during the response to a railway accident in the UK. The case study examined two potential sources of difficulty for co-ordination: first, poorly shared mental models; and, second, a possible conflict between the requirements of distributed decision-making and the nature of individual decision-making. Interviews were conducted with six individuals from three response agencies. Analysis of reported events suggested that inter-agency co-ordination suffered through a widespread difficulty in constructing a reflexive shared mental model; that is, a shared mental representation of the distributed decision-making process itself, and its participants. This difficulty may be an inherent problem in the flexible development of temporary multi-agency organizations. The analysis focused on a distributed decision over how to transport casualties from an isolated location to hospital. This decision invoked a technique identified here as the progression of multiple options, which contrasts with both recognition-primed and analytical models of individual decision-making. The progression of multiple options appeared to be an effective technique for dealing with uncertainty, but was a further source of difficulty for inter-agency co-ordination.
机译：在应对灾害的管理中一个长期存在的问题是所涉各个机构之间缺乏协调。本文报道了在英国发生铁路事故时机构间协调的案例研究。案例研究检查了两个潜在的协调困难来源：第一，精神模型共享不足；其次，分布式决策的要求与个人决策的性质之间可能存在冲突。与来自三个响应机构的六个人进行了访谈。对已报告事件的分析表明，机构间协调在建立反思性共享心理模型方面遇到了广泛困难；也就是分布式决策过程本身及其参与者的共享精神表示。在临时多机构组织的灵活发展中，这一困难可能是一个固有的问题。该分析集中于关于如何将伤亡人员从一个偏僻的地方运送到医院的分布式决策。该决策调用了一种在此处确定为多种选择的进展的技术，该技术与基于认知的决策模型和个人决策的分析模型形成了鲜明对比。多种选择的进展似乎是处理不确定性的有效技术，但也是机构间协调困难的另一个来源。

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