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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >The role of wave-exposure and human impacts in regulating the distribution of alternative habitats on NW Mediterranean rocky reefs
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The role of wave-exposure and human impacts in regulating the distribution of alternative habitats on NW Mediterranean rocky reefs

机译：波浪暴露和人类影响在调节西北地中海礁石上其他生境的分布中的作用

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The global decline of canopy-forming macroalgae has stimulated research on the mechanism regulating shifts among alternative habitats on rocky reefs. The effects of sea urchin grazing and alterations of environmental conditions are now acknowledged as the main drivers of shifts between canopy-formers and encrusting coralline barrens and algal turfs, respectively. The conditions under which these mechanisms operate remains, however, somewhat elusive. This is mostly a consequence of the fact that our current understanding has been generated by envisioning habitat shifts as dichotomic, at odds with rocky reef landscapes being composed by mosaics of habitats and with evidence of strong interactions among the species that compose each of the alternative habitats. Using data from a long-term sampling program and path analysis, we investigated how wave-exposure and human-induced degradation of environmental conditions regulate the mechanisms maintaining algal canopies formed by Cystoseira crinita, barren habitats and algal turfs as alternative states on subtidal reefs in the NW Mediterranean. In the Tuscan Archipelago, wave-exposure had positive effects on sea urchins, which, likely due to their low mean density, had weak effects on each of the alternative habitats. Canopy-forming macroalgae resulted, instead, to exert strong negative effects on the abundance of algal turfs. Since data from the Tuscan Archipelago did not explain any of the variation in the abundance of C crinita canopies, a further analysis was performed including data from the coast of Tuscany to assess the role of cumulative human impacts in regulating habitat shifts. This showed that degradation of environmental conditions is a direct cause of the decline of macroalgal canopies, indirectly favouring the dominance of algal turfs. Our study suggests that management of human impacts should be considered a priority for preserving subtidal canopies formed by Cystoseira in the NW Mediterranean and that conservation efforts based exclusively on the control of sea urchin populations might be doomed to failure in some areas. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：形成冠层的大型藻类的全球减少刺激了对调节岩石礁替代生境间转移的机制的研究。现在已经认识到海胆放牧和环境条件改变的影响是分别在冠层形成者和包裹珊瑚的贫瘠土地和藻类草坪之间转变的主要驱动力。但是，这些机制的运行条件仍然难以捉摸。这主要是由于以下事实：我们当前的理解是通过将生境转变设想为二分法而产生的，与岩石礁景观由生境马赛克组成的构想以及构成每个替代生境的物种之间强烈相互作用的证据相矛盾。 。利用长期采样程序中的数据和路径分析，我们调查了潮气暴露和人为导致的环境条件退化如何调节维持藻类（Cystoseira crinita），贫瘠的生境和藻类草皮形成的藻冠的机制，作为潮汐礁下的替代状态。地中海西北部。在托斯卡纳群岛，波浪暴露对海胆有积极的影响，这可能是由于海胆的平均密度低而对每个替代生境的影响都较弱。相反，形成冠层的大型藻类会对藻类草皮的丰富度产生强烈的负面影响。由于来自托斯卡纳群岛的数据不能解释C克里尼塔冠层丰度的任何变化，因此进行了进一步分析，包括来自托斯卡纳海岸的数据，以评估累积的人类影响在调节栖息地变化中的作用。这表明环境条件的恶化是大型藻冠下降的直接原因，间接地有利于藻类草皮的优势。我们的研究表明，应对人类影响的管理应被视为在地中海西北地区由Cystoseira形成的潮间带冠层的优先考虑事项，而仅基于控制海胆种群的保护工作在某些地区可能注定要失败。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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