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Embayment scale assessment of submarine groundwater discharge nutrient loading and associated land use

机译：海底地下水排放养分含量和相关土地利用的浮游规模评估

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A shoreline survey of porewater nutrient concentrations and Rn-222 surface water activities was performed in Port Jefferson Harbor, NY, an embayment of Long Island Sound. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was calculated for individual shoreline segments; shallow porewater nutrient concentrations were applied to calculated groundwater flux values in order to spatially depict the nutrient flux to overlying harbor water. Nitrate was the dominant form of inorganic nitrogen as porewater concentrations of ammonium were negligible. Land use analysis showed that nitrate to phosphate ratios (N:P) in SGD were positively correlated with medium to high development of inland aquifer watersheds. A multivariate regression model was developed which describes 79% of the variability in shoreline nitrate discharge. Three modes of nutrient transport were observed; 1) High SGD rates coupled with nutrient rich groundwater derived from high density development, 2) moderate SGD rates coupled with low nutrient groundwater from low density development/forested watersheds and 3) negligible SGD rates associated with recirculated seawater adjacent to low density development areas. Transport mode 1 dominated total SGD nitrate inputs primarily due to steep hydraulic gradient, a characteristic of tunnel valleys in glacial deposits, which highlights the critical role hydrogeology plays in groundwater nitrogen loading to surface water. Total nitrate inputs to the harbor from shoreline SGD alone are 980 mol d(-1), similar to average daily sewage treatment plant nitrogen inputs of 870 mol d(-1). The techniques used in this study represent an effective methodology for calculating SGD derived nutrient loads where a surface water nutrient source is present. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在长岛峡湾的一个港口，纽约州杰斐逊港进行了孔隙水养分浓度和Rn-222地表水活动的海岸线调查。计算了各个海岸线段的海底地下水排放量（SGD）；将浅层孔隙水养分浓度应用于计算得出的地下水通量值，以便在空间上描述上覆港口水的养分通量。硝酸盐是无机氮的主要形式，因为铵的孔隙水浓度可忽略不计。土地利用分析表明，SGD中硝酸盐与磷酸盐的比率（N：P）与内陆含水层流域的中高发展呈正相关。建立了多元回归模型，该模型描述了海岸线硝酸盐排放量的79％的变化。观察到了三种养分运移方式； 1）高SGD率加上高密度开发产生的富含营养的地下水，2）中度SGD率加上低密度开发/森林流域产生的低养分地下水，以及3）与低密度开发区相邻的再循环海水相关的SGD率可忽略不计。输送模式1占总SGD硝酸盐总输入量的主要原因是陡峭的水力梯度，这是冰川沉积中隧道谷的特征，这突显了水文地质学在地下水向地表水中的氮负荷中所起的关键作用。仅海岸线SGD向港口输入的硝酸盐总量为980 mol d（-1），与污水处理厂的日平均氮输入量为870 mol d（-1）相似。在这项研究中使用的技术代表了一种有效的方法，用于计算存在地表水营养源的SGD得出的营养物负荷。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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