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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >Understanding surface water-groundwater interaction, submarine groundwater discharge, and associated nutrient loading in a small tropical island watershed
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Understanding surface water-groundwater interaction, submarine groundwater discharge, and associated nutrient loading in a small tropical island watershed

机译：了解地表水土水域相互作用，潜艇地下水排放和小型热带岛屿流域中的相关营养加载

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is recognized as an important nutrient delivery mechanism in coastal ecosystems. However, water quality management in these settings is typically focused on surface waters, often ignoring SGD and nearshore groundwater-surface water interaction. In this study, we integrate a comprehensive radionuclide tracer based field investigation with watershed modeling to examine groundwater - surface water partitioning and to quantify nutrient loading from fresh SGD and streamflow in a small embayment located in American Samoa. Measurements included streamflow, SGD rate, and environmental tracers, including Rn-222 concentrations, nutrient levels, and nitrogen isotope values in groundwater and surface water samples. We then used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to validate measured baseflow and SGD rates, and also to estimate storm flows, which were not measured in the field. Field results showed SGD was a significant delivery mechanism for coastal nutrient loads, whereas baseflow-nutrient loading from the upper-watershed was minimal during the study period. Seepage run measurements informed a conceptual hydrogeologic model of groundwater, surface water, and coastal water interaction, which we applied in developing the watershed model. The SWAT model simulated flow observations satisfactorily, and indicated baseflow accounts for only 39% of the total annual stream flow with surface runoff and lateral flow (i.e. interflow) making up the rest. By examining water and nutrient exchange between groundwater, surface water, and SGD, this study provides a more complete understanding of the fate and transport of water and nutrients in small-island watersheds where anthropogenic activities potentially threaten the health of coastal ecosystems.
机译：潜艇地下水排放（SGD）被认为是沿海生态系统中的重要营养输送机制。然而，这些环境中的水质管理通常集中在表面水域上，通常忽略SGD和近岸地下水位水相互作用。在这项研究中，我们整合了一种基于流域模型的全面放射性核素示踪基础调查，以检查地下水位水分配，并在美国萨摩亚的小型扶手中量化新鲜SGD的营养加载和流出。测量包括流流，SGD率和环境示踪剂，包括地下水和地表水样中的RN-222浓度，营养水平和氮同位素值。然后，我们使用土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）来验证测量的基础流程和SGD率，以及估计风暴流动，这些风暴流量在该领域中未测量。现场结果表明，SGD是沿海营养负荷的重要输送机制，而在研究期间，来自上流域的碱营养加载最小。渗流运行测量通知了地下水，地表水和沿海水互动的概念水文模型，我们应用于开发流域模型。 SWAT模型模拟流动观测令人满意，并指示碱流量仅占每年年流量总量的39％，具有表面径流和横向流动（即交换机）构成其余部分。通过检查地下水，地表水和SGD之间的水和营养交换，本研究提供了对小岛流域水和营养物质的命运和运输，在小岛屿流域中的营养和营养物质之间进行了更完全的了解，这些活动可能会威胁到沿海生态系统的健康。

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