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首页> 外文期刊>Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science >Distribution, associated species and extent of biofouling 'reefs' formed by the alien species Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Annelida, Polychaeta) in marinas
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Distribution, associated species and extent of biofouling 'reefs' formed by the alien species Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Annelida, Polychaeta) in marinas

机译：外来物种Ficopomatus enigmaticus（Annelida，Polychaeta）在海港形成的生物污染“礁石”的分布，相关物种和范围

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Artificial structures in ports are commonly colonized by non-indigenous epifauna that tolerate high pollution levels. Bioconstructions built by alien species may offer sheltered microhabitats for motile (vagile) animals but biofouling often becomes detrimental to human activities. In this context, the present study provides an inventory of 1) the extent of biofouling related to the alien Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus on hard structures of marinas in Normandy, France, and 2) the biodiversity of sessile (attached) or vagile (motile) fauna associated with these "reefs", including both native and alien species. Reefs built by F. enigmaticus were found in 6 out of 12 marinas with oligohaline-mesohaline waters. Significant differences in the total volume of biofouling were found among sites, with maximum values observed in Honfleur's old basin (459.52 mL per 0.04 m(2)). Ficopomatus enigmaticus greatly dominated the sessile invertebrate community both in volume (74-100%) and weight (70-100%) in 5 out of 6 marinas. The fouling formed by 5 alien species was colonized by 15 motile invertebrate taxa, including 3 cryptogenic or alien species. The alien crab Rhithropanopeus harrisi displayed the highest frequency of occurrence ( 80%) and mean density ( 300 ind m(-2)), and the global densities of sessile (except F. enigmaticus) and motile fauna were significantly correlated (r = 0.824; p 0.05). While motile fauna density was also significantly correlated with the biovolume of B. improvisus and M. leucophaeata, it was not with F. enigmaticus (r = 0.421; p 0.05). In line with previous studies, these results suggest that F. enigmaticus acts as an engineer offering shelter for reef-associated organisms. In addition, results suggest that at the regional scale, inter-site differences in motile fauna may reflect differences in environmental parameters such as salinity. The presence of F. enigmaticus at low salinity levels led to assess its potential distribution at the scale of the European coasts, suggesting that in the context of climate change, favorable conditions for spawning ( 18 degrees C) will likely expand towards the North, and particularly in the eastern and northern Baltic Sea.
机译：港口的人工结构通常被可容忍高污染水平的非本地表生动物定殖。外来物种建造的生物建筑可能为活动（易变）的动物提供庇护所，但生物污染常常对人类活动有害。在这种情况下，本研究提供了以下方面的清单：1）与法国诺曼底海港硬质结构上外星人Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus相关的生物污损程度，以及2）无柄（附着）或易变（动植物）群的生物多样性与这些“珊瑚礁”相关的物种，包括本地和外来物种。在含有低盐-中盐海水的12个码头中，有6个发现了由F. enigmaticus建造的珊瑚礁。在站点之间发现了生物污垢总量的显着差异，在翁弗勒尔旧盆地观察到最大值（每0.04 m（2）459.52 mL）。在6个码头中，有5个码头的体积（74-100％）和重量（70-100％）都在无柄无脊椎动物群落中占主导地位。由5种外来物种形成的污垢被15种活动无脊椎动物类群定殖，其中包括3种隐源性或外来物种。外来蟹Rhithropanopeus harrisi的出现频率最高（> 80％），平均密度最高（> 300 ind m（-2）），而无柄的全球密度（除F. enigmaticus以外）和活动性动物群显着相关（r = 0.824； p <0.05）。虽然能动的动物区系密度也与即兴双歧杆菌和白带分枝杆菌的生物量显着相关，但与莫氏梭状芽孢杆菌无关（r = 0.421； p> 0.05）。与以前的研究一致，这些结果表明，F。enigmaticus充当工程师提供与珊瑚礁相关的生物的庇护所。此外，研究结果表明，在区域范围内，活动动物区系的站点间差异可能反映了盐度等环境参数的差异。低盐度金龟的存在导致评估其在欧洲沿海规模的潜在分布，这表明在气候变化的背景下，产卵的有利条件（> 18摄氏度）可能会向北扩展，特别是在波罗的海东部和北部。

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