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首页> 外文期刊>Euphytica >Status and perspectives of breeding for enhanced yield and quality of oilseed crops for Europe
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Status and perspectives of breeding for enhanced yield and quality of oilseed crops for Europe

机译：在欧洲提高油料作物产量和质量的育种现状和前景

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摘要

Vegetable oils are a high-value agricultural commodity for use in refined edible oil products and as renewable industrial or fuel oils, and as the world population increases demand for high-quality seed oils continues to grow. Worldwide the oilseed market is dominated by soybean (Glycine max), followed by oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus). In Europe the major oilseed crop is oilseed rape (B. napus), followed some way behind by sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and other minor crops like linseed (Linum usitatissimum) or camelina (Camelina sativa). The seed oil of these crops is characterized by a specific quality, i.e. fatty acid composition and other fat-soluble compounds: Camelina and linseed oils are characterised by high contents of linolenic acid (C18:3); in sunflower very high-oleic (up to 90% C18:1) types exist in addition to classical high-linoleic (C18:2) oilseeds; in B. napus a broad diversity of oil-types is available in addition to the modern 00 (canola) type, e.g. high-erucic acid rapeseed or high-oleic and low-linolenic cultivars. Moreover, vegetable oils contain valuable minor compounds such as tocopherols (vitamin E). Increases of such contents by breeding have lead to value-added edible oils. After oil extraction, oilseed meals—such as rapeseed extraction meal—contain a high-quality protein that can be used as a valuable animal feed. However, in comparison to soybean the meal from oilseed rape also contains relatively high amounts of anti-nutritive fibre compounds, phenolic acids, phytate and glucosinolates. Breeding efforts with respect to meal quality are therefore aimed at reduction of anti-nutritive components, while increasing the oil content, quality and yield also remains a major aim in oilseed rape breeding. This review article provides a general overview of the status of oilseed production in Europe and uses examples from winter oilseed rape to illustrate key breeding aims for sustainable and high-yielding production of high-quality vegetable oil. Emphasis is placed on analytical tools for high-throughput selection of overall seed quality. Keywords Oilseed crops - Camelina - Linseed - Sunflower - Rapeseed - Brassica napus - Seed oil quality - Extraction meal quality - Nutritive compounds - Antinutritive substances - High-throughput selection - NIRS
机译：植物油是用于精制食用油产品和可再生工业油或燃料油的高价值农产品，并且随着世界人口的增加，对优质种子油的需求也在不断增长。在世界范围内，油籽市场以大豆（大豆最大）为主，其次是油菜/油菜（甘蓝型油菜）。在欧洲，主要的油料作物是油菜（B. napus），其次是向日葵（Helianthus annuus）和其他次要作物，例如亚麻籽（Linum usitatissimum）或山茶（Camelina sativa）。这些农作物的种子油的特征在于特定的质量，即脂肪酸组成和其他脂溶性化合物：山茶油和亚麻籽油的特征在于高含量的亚麻酸（C18：3）；在向日葵中，除了经典的高亚油酸（C18：2）油料种子外，还存在极高油酸（最高90％的C18：1）类型；在欧洲油菜中，除了现代的00（低芥酸菜子）类型外，还可以使用各种各样的油型。高芥酸油菜籽或高油酸和低亚麻酸的品种。此外，植物油还含有有价值的微量化合物，例如生育酚（维生素E）。通过育种增加这种含量导致食用油增值。榨油后，油籽粕（例如油菜籽粕）中含有一种高质量的蛋白质，可用作有价值的动物饲料。但是，与大豆相比，油菜粕还含有相对大量的抗营养纤维化合物，酚酸，植酸和芥子油苷。因此，有关粕粉质量的育种工作旨在减少抗营养成分，同时增加油含量，质量和单产仍是油菜油菜育种的主要目标。这篇综述文章概述了欧洲油料种子的生产状况，并使用冬季油菜子的实例说明了可持续和高产优质植物油生产的关键育种目标。重点放在分析工具上，以高通量选择总体种子质量。关键词油料作物-山茶花-亚麻仁-向日葵-油菜籽-甘蓝型油菜-种子油品质-提取粕品质-营养化合物-抗营养物质-高通量选择-NIRS

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