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Environmental Crime and the Police in Europe: A Panorama and Possible Paths for Future Action

机译：欧洲的环境犯罪与警察：未来行动的全景图和可能的途径

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摘要

Environmental crime is one of the most lucrative forms of criminal activity. The illegal dumping of hazardous waste, trafficking of dangerous substances and smuggling of protected natural resources is estimated to be worth between ? 18 and 25 billion per year. The trafficking of endangered species generates the highest revenue of all types of environmental crime and is widely considered to he second in value only to drug trafficking. Environmental crime is believed to he expanding constantly. In spite of this, it is not currently a political priority, having taken a hack seat to anti-terrorism measures since 11 September 2001. This article aims to show that environmental crime is one of the most serious forms of criminal activity -it threatens the very existence of mankind. In order to do this, the article begins by advancing a definition of environmental crime, which is intended to allow the reader better to understand its implications for our society. An attempt is then made to provide a financial estimate of the worldwide value of this criminal activity, in order to shed light on its scale and diversity. Next, the article examines various examples from European Union ("EU") countries (Member States and candidate countries) in order to illustrate the ways in which police combat environmental crime. Examples of international cooperation in this field are also provided. Finally, the article proposes a number of possible paths for future action which might push environmental crime up the criminal law and crime-fighting policy agenda in EU Member States and EU policy as a whole. In this respect, the recent judgement by the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") concerning European Community competence in criminal law provides interesting material for reflection.
机译：环境犯罪是犯罪活动中最有利可图的形式之一。据估计，非法倾倒危险废物，贩运危险物质和走私受保护的自然资源值得吗？每年18和250亿。贩运濒危物种在所有类型的环境犯罪中产生的收入最高，被广泛认为仅次于毒品贩运。人们认为环境犯罪不断扩大。尽管如此，自2001年9月11日起就采取了反恐措施，这并不是当前的政治优先事项。本文旨在证明环境犯罪是最严重的犯罪活动之一-它威胁到环境犯罪。人类非常存在。为此，本文首先提出了环境犯罪的定义，其目的是使读者更好地了解其对我们社会的影响。然后试图提供对该犯罪活动在全球范围内的价值的财务估算，以阐明其规模和多样性。接下来，本文考察了来自欧盟国家（成员国和候选国）的各种示例，以说明警察打击环境犯罪的方式。还提供了该领域国际合作的例子。最后，本文提出了一些未来行动的可能途径，这些途径可能将环境犯罪推向欧盟成员国以及整个欧盟政策中的刑法和打击犯罪政策议程。在这方面，欧洲法院最近对欧洲共同体在刑法方面的能力的判决提供了令人感兴趣的反思材料。

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