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Organised Crime and the Environment: the British Experience

机译：有组织犯罪与环境：英国的经验

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摘要

Organised environmental crime is a growing and increasingly controversial international problem. This article examines the current situation in the United Kingdom. It begins with a brief historical survey which suggests that much environmental crime has been a highly organised - and very profitable -activity since the introduction of "Forest Law" in the early Middle Ages. It then discusses the nature of organised environmental crime in contemporary Britain. A distinction is drawn between the illegal activities of ostensibly "legitimate" businesses and the activities of criminal gangs and "firms". It tries to show that many of the latter are engaged in a range of illegal activities. These often involve violence. There follows a discussion of relevant economic issues. It is argued that environmental offenders can make very substantial profits at minimal risk. In these areas, crime often makes good business sense. Attention is given to specific areas of criminal activity. These include unauthorised waste disposal, illegal advertising and wildlife crime. It concludes that these activities will remain highly profitable - and widespread - as long as sentences for environmental offences remain derisory and (more importantly) as long as most offenders are not prosecuted. For a discussion of more general issues see M. Watson, "Environmental Crime in the United Kingdom" [2005] EELR 186.
机译：有组织的环境犯罪是一个日益严重和日益引起争议的国际问题。本文研究了英国的当前状况。它始于一项简短的历史调查，该调查表明，自中世纪初期引入“森林法”以来，许多环境犯罪已成为一种高度有组织的，非常有利可图的活动。然后讨论了当代英国有组织的环境犯罪的性质。表面上是“合法”企业的非法活动与犯罪团伙和“公司”的活动之间有区别。它试图表明，后者中的许多人从事一系列非法活动。这些通常涉及暴力。接下来是有关经济问题的讨论。有人认为，环境犯罪者可以以最小的风险赚取可观的利润。在这些地区，犯罪往往具有良好的商业意义。注意犯罪活动的特定领域。其中包括未经授权的废物处理，非法广告和野生动植物犯罪。结论是，只要对环境违法行为的判刑仍然是可判处的，并且（更重要的是）只要不对大多数罪犯提起诉讼，这些活动将仍然具有很高的利润率并且将广泛传播。有关更一般性问题的讨论，请参见M. Watson，“英国的环境犯罪” [2005] EELR 186。

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