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A Highlight on tribological research: friction and wear devices at the University of Gent

机译：肯特大学的摩擦学研究重点：摩擦和磨损装置

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Pure hydrodynamic lubrication (without mechanical contact between the rubbing surfaces and as a consequence with a very small friction coefficient and negligible wear) has practical limitations. The load may not be too large and the viscosity of the lubricant and especially the sliding speed must exceed a well defined minimum value. In a lot of practical situations (e.g. heavily loaded constructions such as lock gates, lock weirs, drawbridges; or situations where the relative speed between the rubbing surfaces is rather low like at slideways of production machines) only boundary or sometimes even only unlubricated friction is possible. Therefore the Laboratory for Machines and Machine Construction performs friction and wear tests in the field of dry and boundary lubricated friction since about 20 years. The aim of these tests is to select proper material combinations or lubricants for specific sliding contacts. Well-suited bearing materials and lubricants produce low wear and prevent unsteady sliding (better known as stick-slip). Low wear is desired because it results in a longer life-span of the bearings and thus in a lower frequency of maintenance and a greater availability of the machine of which the bearings are part. Unsteady friction needs to be avoided because it causes vibrations in the machine in which the friction takes place. These vibrations lead to oscillating stresses in the machine parts and can result in fatigue failure. They can also produce a very disturbing noise.
机译：纯流体动力润滑（摩擦表面之间没有机械接触，因此摩擦系数非常小且磨损可忽略不计）有实际限制。负载不能太大，润滑剂的粘度，尤其是滑动速度必须超过定义好的最小值。在许多实际情况下（例如，重负荷结构，如锁闸，锁堰，吊桥；或者在摩擦面之间的相对速度相当低的情况下，例如在生产机器的滑道上），仅是边界润滑，有时甚至是无润滑摩擦可能。因此，大约20年以来，机器和机械制造实验室在干摩擦和边界润滑摩擦领域进行了摩擦和磨损测试。这些测试的目的是为特定的滑动触点选择合适的材料组合或润滑剂。合适的轴承材料和润滑剂可降低磨损并防止不稳定的滑动（更好地称为粘滑）。期望低磨损，因为这导致轴承的使用寿命更长，并因此导致较低的维护频率和轴承所组成的机器的更大可用性。需要避免不稳定的摩擦，因为它会在发生摩擦的机器中引起振动。这些振动会导致机器零件产生振荡应力，并可能导致疲劳失效。它们还会产生非常令人不安的噪音。

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