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Defense of the West: NATO, the European Union and the transatlantic bargain

机译：西方国防：北约，欧洲联盟和跨大西洋交易

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摘要

The election of Donald J. Trump as President of the United States in November 2016 placed into question the transatlantic bargain that has, in its various permutations, sustained the peace and prosperity of the West since 1949. Despite the best efforts of Secretary of Defence James Mattis to reassure the NATO allies that the US remains committed to Europe and NATO, the lack of policy coherence and the constant stream of foreign policy 'Twitter bombs" coming out of the White House have left analysts and policy-makers alike unnerved. The Trump administration has in one sense pushed the transatlantic bargain to its illogical extreme: it transformed the chronic transactional demand for greater burden-sharing within the alliance from a tactical gambit to ensure the military viability of the alliance into a strategic principle that makes the US defence guarantee dependent upon European acceptance of US-defined defence spending minima and European acquiescence to the re-purposing of NATO in the service of American interests. Robert Gates, in his oft-cited June 2011 valedictory in Brussels, is illustrative of the transactional approach to the alliance: he warned the Europeans that Americans may see no reason to defend countries that lacked the will to defend themselves. That critique was understood as an effort in part to prevent the American electorate from turning its back on NATO. The Trump critique of European defence spending is a frontal assault on the alliance because it directly questions the future of NATO. Although the American foreign policy establishment has exerted considerable pushback in response to Trump's most disruptive claims, notably that NATO is obsolete and that the Article 5 guarantee is contingent, it remains the case that he has inflicted gratuitous, and perhaps irreversible, damage to American leadership and the credibility of the alliance.
机译：自2016年11月选举唐纳德·J·特朗普（Donald J.Trump）担任美国总统以来，跨大西洋的讨价还价受到了质疑。自1949年以来，跨大西洋的讨价还价一直维持着西方的和平与繁荣。马蒂斯（Mattis）向北约盟国保证，美国将继续致力于欧洲和北约，缺乏政策连贯性，白宫不断出现外交政策“推特炸弹”，这使分析师和决策者都感到不安。从某种意义上说，政府已经将跨大西洋的交易推向了不合逻辑的极端：它将长期的交易需求从战术上转变为确保联盟的军事生存能力的战术上的战术要求，成为确保美国军事保障的战略原则。取决于欧洲对美国定义的国防开支最低标准的接受程度以及欧洲对北约重新设定目标的默许他为美国利益服务。罗伯特·盖茨（Robert Gates）在2011年6月在布鲁塞尔经常引用的辞典中就说明了该联盟的交易方式：他警告欧洲人，美国人可能没有理由捍卫那些缺乏自卫意愿的国家。这种批评被理解为部分是为了防止美国选民拒绝北约。特朗普对欧洲国防开支的批评是对该联盟的正面攻击，因为它直接质疑北约的未来。尽管美国外交政策制定机构对特朗普的最具破坏性的主张做出了相当大的反击，特别是北约已经过时并且第5条保证是有条件的，但仍然存在这样的情况，即他对美国领导层造成了无端甚至是不可逆转的损害。和联盟的信誉。

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  • 来源
    《European security》 |2017年第2期|299-300|共2页
  • 作者

    James Sperling;

  • 作者单位

    University of Akron;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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