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Characteristics of Optic Nerve Damage Induced by Chronic Intraocular Hypertension in Rat

机译：慢性眼内高压引起的视神经损伤的特征

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Purpose: To set up the Sharma's chronic intraocular hypertension model and investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as the optic nerve damage of this model in rat. Methods: The operations of the chronic intraocular hypertension model were performed as described by Sharma in 60 male Lewis albino rats. IOP was measured using the Tono-Pen XL immediately after surgery and then at 5 day, 2 week or 4 week intervals. Cresyl violet staining of whole-mounted retinas was used to label retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) , then RGCs were counted. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) staining was performed in the semi-thin cross sections of optic nerve of rat, in order to know whether the axons of optic nerve were degenerated or not. Results: There were 47 rats with higher IOP after the episcleral veins cauterized in 60 rats. The ratio of elevated IOP was 78.3%. The IOPs were stable in 4 weeks. After cresyl violet staining, the RGCs loss was 11.0% and 11.3% was found in the central and peripheral retina respectively after 2 weeks of increased IOP. After 4 weeks of increased IOP, the loss of RGCs was 17% for the central retina and 24.6% for the peripheral retina. In the retinas without higher IOP, there was no loss of RGCs. PPD staining showed that optic nerve of rat with about 5.3% damage of axons located at the superior temporal region. Region of affected optic nerve 1 mm posterior to the globe by light microscope showed evidence of damaged axons with axonal swelling and myelin debris. Conclusion: Sharma's chronic intraocular hypertension model is a reproducible and effective glaucoma model, which mimics human glaucoma with chronically elevation IOP and induced RGCs loss and damage of optic nerve.
机译：目的：建立夏尔马慢性眼内高压模型，并研究该模型对大鼠的眼压（IOP）以及视神经损伤。方法：按照Sharma的描述，在60只雄性Lewis白化病大鼠中进行慢性高眼压模型的手术。术后立即使用Tono-Pen XL测量IOP，然后每隔5天，2周或4周测量一次。整个视网膜的甲酚紫染色用于标记视网膜神经节细胞（RGC），然后计数RGC。在大鼠视神经的半薄截面进行对苯二胺（PPD）染色，以了解视神经轴突是否退化。结果：有47只大鼠经巩膜巩膜静脉烧灼后IOP升高。眼压升高的比例为78.3％。眼压在4周内保持稳定。甲酚紫染色后，眼压升高2周后，视网膜中央和周围的RGC损失分别为11.0％和11.3％。 IOP增加4周后，中央视网膜的RGC损失为17％，周围视网膜的RGC损失为24.6％。在没有较高IOP的视网膜中，没有RGC丢失。 PPD染色显示，大鼠视神经位于颞上叶，轴突损伤约5.3％。光学显微镜在眼球后1 mm处的受影响视神经区域显示出受损的轴突的证据，轴突肿胀和髓鞘碎片。结论：Sharma的慢性高眼压模型是一种可重现和有效的青光眼模型，该模型模仿具有慢性IOP并诱发RGC丢失和视神经损伤的人青光眼。

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