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Influences of exhaust load and injection timing on particle number emissions in a gasoline direct injection engine

机译：废载荷和注射时机对汽油直喷发动机粒子数排放的影响

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The effects of exhaust load and injection timing on particle emission and combustion characteristics were investigated using a single-cylinder gasoline engine equipped with a direct injection system. Particulate matter emission was counted by PPS-M, and the cylinder pressure was measured to analyze the combustion phasing. An exhaust valve was installed to simulate an exhaust load caused by a gasoline particulate filter, and the exhaust load between the exhaust port and after-treatment system was varied with increasing exhaust pressure from 0.1 bar to 0.4 bar as a gauge pressure. Injection timing was swept from BTDC 330 deg to BTDC 210 deg during the intake process to enhance the homogeneity of the mixture.The main source of particulate matter at an early injection timing (i.e., BTDC 330 deg) is the fuel film on top of the piston. In addition, the homogeneity of the fuel/air mixture is the most important factor for particle number emission for the late injection case. In-cylinder temperature increased during fuel injection, and the fuel/air mixture became more homogeneous due to the increased internal EGR caused by the exhaust load. As a result, the experimental result showed that a maximum 75% reduction of particle number emission in early injection was achieved by increasing exhaust load from 0.1 bar to 0.4 bar in gauge pressure.
机译：使用配备有直喷式系统的单缸汽油发动机研究了排气负荷和喷射时间对颗粒发射和燃烧特性的影响。通过PPS-M计数颗粒物质发射，测量气缸压力以分析燃烧相位。安装了排气阀以模拟由汽油颗粒过滤器引起的排气载荷，并且排气口和后处理系统之间的排气载荷随着0.1巴至0.4巴的排气压力越来越多地变化为量压力。在进气过程中从BTDC 330 DEG扫描注射正时，以增强混合物的均匀性。早期注射正时（即，BTDC 330°）的颗粒物质的主要来源是顶部的燃料膜活塞。此外，燃料/空气混合物的均匀性是晚期注射箱的粒子排放最重要的因素。在燃料喷射期间缸内温度增加，并且由于由排气负荷引起的内部EGR增加，燃料/空气混合物变得更加均匀。结果，实验结果表明，通过将0.1巴至0.4巴的排气载荷增加，在测量压力下将最大75％的颗粒数减少降低。

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