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Oxidation of carbon by NO_x, with particular reference to NO_2 and N_2O

机译：NO_x氧化碳，特别是NO_2和N_2O

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The reactions reviewed here concern those between elemental carbon and NO_2, NO_2 and NO, sometimes in the presence of oxygen. The section on NO includes only updates to recent reviews. Soots, activated carbons and carbon blacks are more reactive than graphite. The magnitudes of the reaction rates are found to be: NO_2 ＞ NO_2 ≈ NO ≈ O_2. The presence of a soluble organic fraction (SOF) in soot is found to influence some reactions, and all three reactions suffer from inhibition by surface products. The mechanisms proposed for the surface adsorbates are summarised. All authors found that two types of active site were present; one forming weak bonds (physisorp-tion), and the other undergoing chemisorption to form groupings such as -C-ONO, -C-ONO_2 or -C-NO_2. The latter decompose to give oxides of carbon, and are sometimes called redox reactions. The adsorbates appear to be the same for all NO_x species. Some elemental nitrogen adsorption takes place, and can involve incorporation into the C skeleton. The attack of NO on carbon proceeds via NO_2, so that catalysts that facilitate this oxidation are effective. Gaseous SO_2 and H_2O assist in the process by forming acids which are good oxidants. The change in activation energy with temperature found experimentally for NO and N_2O may be due to the form of nitrogen on the edge carbon atoms.
机译：此处回顾的反应涉及元素碳与NO_2，NO_2和NO之间的反应，有时在氧气存在下。关于“否”的部分仅包括最近评论的更新。烟灰，活性炭和炭黑比石墨更具活性。发现反应速率的大小为：NO_2＞ NO_2≈NO≈O_2。发现烟so中可溶性有机组分（SOF）的存在会影响某些反应，并且所有三个反应都受到表面产物的抑制。总结了针对表面吸附物提出的机理。所有作者都发现存在两种类型的活动站点。一个形成弱键（物理吸附），另一个经历化学吸附形成-C-ONO，-C-ONO_2或-C-NO_2等基团。后者分解产生碳的氧化物，有时称为氧化还原反应。所有NO_x物质的吸附物似乎都是相同的。发生一些氮元素吸附，并且可能涉及并入C骨架中。 NO对碳的攻击通过NO_2进行，因此促进这种氧化的催化剂是有效的。气态SO_2和H_2O通过形成良好的氧化剂酸来辅助该过程。实验上发现的NO和N_2O活化能随温度的变化可能是由于边缘碳原子上氮的形式。

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